论文The Influence of Tour Guide’s Narration on the Scenic District.doc

四川师范大学成都学院本科毕业论文The Influence of Tour Guides Narration on the Scenic District 学生姓名 学 号所 在 系专业名称班 级指导教师 四川师范大学成都学院二一二年五月The Influence of Tour Guides Narration on the Scenic DistrictAbstract: In the whole tourism activity, the function of a tour guide is the most important one. A guides standing posture, eyes expressions, gestures and facial expressions are all indispensable in their daily training course. But the most significant thing is the guides speech. The visitors used to knowing and understanding the district through the guides narration firstly. As a propagandist of the scenic district, the tour guide should organize the guide words swiftly, master the method and skills proficiently and remember the guide speech firmly, make the tourists appreciate the connotation and the beauty of the scenic district through his/her words.At present, the tourism in our country is constantly developing, and gradually tends to be mature, but there are some guides problems needing to pay attention to, some systems need to improve. All of those would have influences on the images of the district and travel agencies in the tourists mind. For the guide themselves, they need to attach importance to their external appearance and temperament, and increase internal knowledge and culture. The image of a district is not only influenced by the guides speech, but also be influenced by the objective environment and the tourists mood even some other factors. However, a skillful and experienced tour guide could decrease the negative influences aroused by such kind of external factors to the lowest extent by his wonderful speech and careful service.In this essay, I will mainly discuss from two aspects: the influencing factors of tour guides narration (chapter 2), the component elements of image of the scenic district and function of tour guides narration (chapter 3), and I will also combine with the negative and positive cases (chapter 4) and then propose my own views. It would be benefit for the guide team to improve their own qualities and it can also promote the developing of the scenic districts. Key words: tour guide narration scenic district influence导游讲解对景区形象的影响学生： 指导教师：内容摘要：在整个旅游活动中，导游员的作用重中之重。导游员的站姿、眼神、手势、表情都很重要，但最重要的还是导游的讲解。游客往往通过导游员的讲解来认识景区，了解景区。作为景区形象的宣传者，导游人员要灵活地运用导游语言，熟练地运用导游词汇以及各种导游讲解技巧，让游客领略到这个景区的内涵。现今，我国旅游行业正在不断发展，并且日趋成熟。导游人员的讲解水平以及服务质量也在不断的提高，但是仍然有一些问题需要解决，有一些制度需要完善，这都将直接影响景区和旅行社在游客们心里的形象。从导游员自身的角度讲，要提升外在的形象气质以及扩充内在的文化知识修养。丰富自己知识库存的同时，注重素质的培养。景区在游客心中的形象不仅仅取决于导游员，还跟客观环境及游客自身的心理因素有关系，但是优秀的导游员能把这些外在因素带来的负面影响通过自己绘声绘色的讲解以及细致周到的服务减到最低。在本篇文章中，我将主要从导游讲解自身的影响因素（第二章）、旅游景区形象的构成要素及导游讲解在其中的作用（第三章）进行探讨，并结合正反案例（第四章），提出自己的观点。这将对导游行业从业人员提高自身素质以及促进景区发展起到有益作用。关键词：导游 讲解 景区 影响 Table of Contents1. Introduction12. The main influencing factors12.1 Tour guides language22.2 Tour guides speech draft32.3 The methods and skills in practice32.3.1 Paragraphing32.3.2 Having focus42.3.3 Linking with emotion42.3.4 Combination of virtual and actual things42.3.5 Question-and-answer52.3.6 Suspense53. Image of the scenic district53.1 The component elements of of scenic district image53.2 The functions of tour guides narration63.2.1 The chief director of the propaganda activity63.2.2 The vindicator of scenic district image74. Case analysis74.1 The failed case74.2 The successful case85. Countermeasures95.1 The guide105.2 The travel agency105.3 The scenic district115.4 Laws and regulations116. Conclusion12Works Cited13The Influence of Tour Guides Narration on the Scenic District1. IntroductionTourism is a kind of activity, one of the earliest definitions of tourism was provided by the Austrian economist in 1910, who defined it as, “some total of operators, mainly of an economic nature, which directly related to the entry, stay and movement of foreigners inside and outside a certain country, city or a region.” (司爱侠、陆巧儿、吕淑文、张千帆 3) Along with the peoples living standards improvement, the number of tourists has been constantly increasing. At the same time, the quality of tourism and the level of narration are more demanding. The tour guides narration is not just done smoothly by the mouth; it must be accompanied with other posture language. If the postures and the narrations combine well, that would add good effect and glamour to the service. Nowadays, tour guiding is not only a kind of service, but also an art work; the guides behavior is the core of the tour. For the tourists, the most direct impression is formed by the guides narration, for the most direct feeling comes into being through looking and listening, while the listening always means the guides narration.As a tourist, when he arrived at a place, he always hopes there is a tour guide to satisfy his curiosity. Through the narration and the gestures of the tour guide, tourists would gradually appreciate the connotation and the taste of the scenic district. A guide will come across various people with different social status and identities, which demands them to have the competence to grasp many language skills, to use them proficiently and get well with all kinds of people, making sure that the guide service works smoothly. Both the way and the content they say will directly influence the quality of the scenic districts in the tourists mind. Next, I will analysis from the two main aspects: the tour guide and the scenic district, and giving my own opinion on how the tour guides narration influences the image of the scenic district. 2. The main influencing factorsThe guides narration is the extension of sightseeing. As a tourist, it is difficult to understand the culture and connotation just by the appearance, even though there is explanation in writing, tourists may not always be easy to grasp or understand. However, listening to the narration of the guide, the silent scenery comes into alive, which can certainly arouse the tourists imagination and make them appreciate the scenic district with an overall and more profound understanding. The standard of narration is mainly measured by the following aspects:2.1 Tour guides languageThe tour guides language is a kind of verbal expression art. It demands that the guides should make the speech according to the standardized national language, and also try their best to make the language beautiful, maximize to embody the aesthetic perception of the language. Make sure that the language is fluent and the phrases and words used are appropriate. This is the fundamental requirement for tourists to listen and understand clearly. For them, they have to know what you are talking about, and then they can grasp the artistic conception. The hollow printed words, stereotyped narration, exaggerated description, and nondescript metaphor or simile, just intensify the boring feeling of tourists. Thats why selecting the accurate words and then coherently expressing the meanings are so important, which can help the guide to improve his ability of organizing the words. Another point that needs to pay attention is to integrate the objective environment with the subjective emotion, making the expression more accommodated and picturesque to the need of the atmosphere. Take the Tomb of Yue Fei in Hang Zhou as an example, the guide should not only talk about the strong patriotism of Yue Fei, but also refer to the turpitude and impudence of the power holder and ministers. Through the judgement of the two kinds of entirely different historical persons, the guide can touch the feeling of the tourists.The language tour guide used must be colorful and full of abundant words, even flexible and changeable sentence structure, to add interest into the narration and make it more vivid. A lot of figure of speech can be used, such as contrast, exaggerate, metaphor, simile, symbolism and metonymy, etc. Such rhetorical skills would make the silent colorful scenery become into living things, which can also move the tourists.In addition, travel needs a relaxed and pleasant atmosphere; some humorous and interesting things would be good, which is often relying on the tour guides speech. The guide must have a sense of humor, and also be good at grasping the topic. By flexibly utilizing the exaggerated words and funny similes or other skills, the guide can create an easy and pleasant atmosphere. The politeness is advocated in our daily life especially in the service industry, so that the guides speaking should be civilized. If the guide speaks impolitely or rudely, it will instantly influence the tourists, even some of them turn out to quarrel or fight. Nevertheless, polite and gentle tone will show ones elegance and cultivation, and promote a sense of trust and friendship at the bottom of the tourists heart, which is beneficial for their communication and friendship in return. 2.2 Tour guides speech draft A good speech draft must contain affluent substances, including a variety of subjects; and the contents must be accurate and believable. Tour guides speech is a kind of verbal language which is vivid and visualized, with great persuasion. That is to say, a practiced guide may always use verbal vocabulary and other words being easy to understand. Active and funny words can easily bring the tourists a relaxed emotion, and give them a profound impression, so guides should try their best to highlight the splendid part.Every scenic spot has its typical view; every single typical view would reflect its unique feature from different visual angles. The speech draft must rely on the reality, differs for individual person and time. It should be based on different visitors and environment even different emotions. The composition of a good speech should also pay attention to improve its quality. The first is to emphasize the connotation of thoughts, and then it should strive for the language quality.A tour guides speech is a literature form including prose and explanatory article style.Firstly, a qualified guide speech should have an arrangement of ideas, so it gives the visitors a clear tour route.Secondly, a guide speech should have a sense of direction.Thirdly, the central idea of a speech should be explicit.2.3 The methods and skills in practiceThe methods and skills are rather important when a guide makes speech. In order to attract tourists around and make him become the focal point, a skillful tour guide must pay attention to the methods and skills he used. Here are some effective practice skills led by some experienced tour guide from home and abroad, such as paragraphing, creating focus, linking with emotion, combination of virtual and actual things, asking and answering, suspicion, etc.2.3.1 ParagraphingThe so called “paragraphing” is to divide a large scenic spot into several linked parts so that it can be overall considered. For this, the guide has to introduce the general information first, which includes the history and revolution, the area of the spot, the value of appreciation, etc. After the introduction, tourists may have a simple impression on the place. Then, the tourists may lead them to visit the spots, give them time to appreciate. Take Hangzhou West Lake as an instance, the guide should introduce the general situation, legend story and the cause of formation firstly, and then gradually slide into the conception of “one mountain, two dykes, three islands” and the “present and former ten views” of the west lake. 2.3.2 Having focusRather than involved every insignificant parts, the tour guide prefers to stress on some extraordinary spots, so that tourists can be easily remembered. This demands the guide to deal with the extent combining the indispensable points with the insignificant information, the detailed with rough materials. Focus on the representative spots in a big district;Focus on the distinct and extraordinary feature of the spot;Focus on the contents which may attract the tourists;Focus on “the most” and “at least”.2.3.3 Linking with emotionWhen the guide makes speech, he may not simply introduce the scenery, but also combine with the listeners emotion, properly adding something or avoid referring to something. That is the method of using sight to arouse feelings. The guide would use the view and his speech to create a fantastic spectacle, attract the tourists to imagine based on this set conception, so that they can have a taste of the interest arousing by the scenery. Another meaning of the method is that the content which the guide talks would be integrated with the views that the tourists looked. This is also aimed to create a fusion of feelings with the natural setting. Once a tourist group visits the “Yalong Bay” district in “Sanya”, the tour guide combines the scene of a famous movie A Sigh with the views, vividly describes the beautiful nature. The visitors looked at the vast beach and cerulean blue sky, imagining the life in the movie; they are also deeply touched by the nature. This method demands that the guide naturally, correctly and suitably gives out the speech. By lively and visual introduction, the guide endows the quiet scenery with vigor and emotion, and acquiring more impression of beauty. 2.3.4 Combination of virtual and actual thingsAnother method is to integrate the legend story, fairy tale with the scenery, namely unite the virtual with actual things. In fact, people always tend to like stories; they can also easily remember the stories, too. The guide occasionally inserts some interesting stories into the boring speech, and would be bond to add some charming colors to it. Take the “Leifeng Pagoda” in Hang Zhou as an example, thanks to some characters in fairy tale, like “Bai Niangzi”, “Xu Xian” and “Fa Hai” , making the tower more attractive. 2.3.5 Question-and-answerIn addition, when the guide makes speech, he always wants his listeners respond to him. Then, the method of “ask and answer” may work. For one hand, the method can bring some active atmosphere into the tour, stimulate the tourists envision thoughts. For another hand, it can also promote the communication among the individuals in the group. There are there kinds of methods to make an as:First, the guide asks and answers by himself. This is appropriate for some questions that tourists may not be able to answer.Secondly, the guide asks and then tourists answer. This demands the guide correctly to ask question, and skillfully to manage the case.Thirdly,