电大机械控制工程基础试题及答案5.doc

专业好文档一、 填空题(每空1分，共20分)1. 传递函数的定义是对于线性定常系统,在初始条件为零的条件下，系统输出量的拉氏变换与输入量的拉氏变换之比。2. 瞬态响应是系统受到外加作用激励后，从初始状态到最终或稳定状态的响应过程。3. 判别系统稳定性的出发点是系统特征方程的根必须为负实根或负实部的复数根，即系统的特征根必须全部在复平面的左半平面是系统稳定的充要条件。4. I型系统在单位阶跃输入下，稳态误差为 0 ，在单位加速度输入下，稳态误差为 。5. 频率响应是系统对正弦输入稳态响应，频率特性包括幅频和相频两种特性。6. 如果系统受扰动后偏离了原工作状态，扰动消失后，系统能自动恢复到原来的工作状态，这样的系统是(渐进)稳定的系统。7. 传递函数的组成与输入、输出信号无关，仅仅决定于系统本身的结构和参数，并且只适于零初始条件下的线性定常系统。8. 系统的稳态误差与输入信号的形式及系统的结构和参数或系统的开环传递函数有关。9. 如果在系统中只有离散信号而没有连续信号，则称此系统为离散(数字)控制系统，其输入、输出关系常用差分方程来描述。10. 反馈控制系统开环对数幅频特性三频段的划分是以c（截止频率）附近的区段为中频段，该段着重反映系统阶跃响应的稳定性和快速性；而低频段主要表明系统的稳态性能。11. 对于一个自动控制系统的性能要求可以概括为三个方面：稳定性、快速 性和精确或准确性。二设有一个系统如图1所示，k1=1000N/m, k2=2000N/m, D=10N/(m/s)，当系统受到输入信号 的作用时，试求系统的稳态输出。(15分)解： 然后通过频率特性求出 三一个未知传递函数的被控系统，构成单位反馈闭环。经过测试，得知闭环系统的单位阶跃响应如图2所示。(10分)问：(1) 系统的开环低频增益K是多少？(5分)(2) 如果用主导极点的概念用低阶系统近似该系统，试写出其近似闭环传递函数；(5分)解：（1），(2) 四已知开环最小相位系统的对数幅频特性如图3所示。(10分)1. 写出开环传递函数G(s)的表达式；(5分)2. 概略绘制系统的Nyquist图。(5分)1 2五已知系统结构如图4所示, 试求：(15分)1. 绘制系统的信号流图。(5分)2. 求传递函数及。(10分)六系统如图5所示，为单位阶跃函数，试求：(10分)1. 系统的阻尼比和无阻尼自然频率。(5分)2. 动态性能指标：超调量Mp和调节时间。(5分)1 2 七如图6所示系统，试确定使系统稳定且在单位斜坡输入下时，K的数值。(10分) 由劳斯判据： 第一列系数大于零，则系统稳定得 又有：2.25 可得：K4 4K54八已知单位反馈系统的闭环传递函数，试求系统的相位裕量。(10分)解：系统的开环传递函数为，解得一. 填空题(每小题2分，共20分)1 对控制系统的基本要求一般可以归纳为稳定性、快速性 和准确性。2 按系统有无反馈，通常可将控制系统分为 开环控制系统 和 闭环控制系统 。3 在控制工程基础课程中描述系统的数学模型有微分方程 、传递函数等。4 稳态误差反映出稳态响应偏离系统希望值的程度，它用来衡量系统控制精度的程度。5 一阶系统的单位阶跃响应的表达是。6 有系统的性能指标按照其类型分为时域性能指标和频域性能指标。7 频率响应是线性定常系统对正弦输入的稳态响应。8 稳态误差不仅取决于系统自身的结构参数，而且与输入信号的类型有关。9 脉冲信号可以用来反映系统的抗冲击能力。10. 阶跃信号的拉氏变换是 1/s 。二 图1为利用加热器控制炉温的反馈系统（10分）图1 炉温控制结构图 试求系统的输出量、输入量、被控对象和系统各部分的组成，且画出原理方框图，说明其工作原理。解答：输出量：炉温。输入量：给定电压信号。被控对象：电炉。 系统包括：电位器、放大器、电机、减速器以及自藕调压器、热电偶。 原理方框图：三如图2为电路。求输入电压与输出电压之间的微分方程，并求出该电路的传递函数。（10分）图2解答：跟据电压定律得四、求拉氏变换与反变换 1 求解答：2 求解答：=六、 化简框图，并求出闭环传递函数图4解：G1G2 G3H2H1/G3Xi(s)Xo(s)_+H1/G3Xi(s)Xo(s)_Xi(s)Xo(s)七、图示机械系统由质量m、阻尼系数C、弹簧刚度K和外力组成的机械动力系统。图(a)中是输出位移。当外力施加3牛顿阶跃力后，记录仪上记录质量m物体的时间响应曲线如（b）图所示。试求：1）该系统的微分方程数学模型和传递函数；(4分)2）该系统的弹簧刚度质量m、阻尼系数C、弹簧刚度k；（3分）3）时间响应性能指标：上升时间、调整时间、振荡频数、稳态误差（5分）。图(a) 机械系统 图（b）响应曲线解答：解：1）对于该系统有： 故 2）求k 由Laplace变换的终值定理可知： 而=1.0，因此k=3. 求m， 由得： 又由式求得=0.6 将0.6代入中，得=1.96。再由求得m=0.78。 求c 由，求得c=1.83.3）求 2.55 (取=0.05时) 3.40 (取=0.02时) 求 0.91 2.323 求N 取=0.05时，=0.64 取=0.02时， =0.85 求 当输入为阶跃信号时，系统的稳态误差为： 对于0型系统 ，代入式中求得： =0.5八、已知某系统是单位负反馈系统，其开环传递函数，则该系统在单位脉冲、单位阶跃和单位恒速信号作用下的分别是多少？（8分）解答：该系统为单位负反馈且为0型系统，k=11, 所以该系统在单位阶跃和单位恒速信号作用下的分别是、¥。在单位脉冲信号作用下的稳态误差为九、设有如图所示的反馈控制系统，试求根据劳斯判据确定传递函数k值的取值范围解答：系统的特征方程：可展开为：列出劳斯数列：k>0,30-k>0<0k<30"If we don't do that it will go on and go on. We have to stop it; we need the courage to do it."His comments came hours after Fifa vice-president Jeffrey Webb - also in London for the FA's celebrations - said he wanted to meet Ivory Coast international Toure to discuss his complaint.CSKA general director Roman Babaev says the matter has been "exaggerated" by the Ivorian and the British media.Blatter, 77, said: "It has been decided by the Fifa congress that it is a nonsense for racism to be dealt with with fines. You can always find money from somebody to pay them."It is a nonsense to have matches played without spectators because it is against the spirit of football and against the visiting team. It is all nonsense."We can do something better to fight racism and discrimination."This is one of the villains we have today in our game. But it is only with harsh sanctions that racism and discrimination can be washed out of football."The (lack of) air up there Watch mCayman Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifa's anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Association's 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend City's Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday."I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Yaya Toure," he told BBC Sport."For me it's about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was."Uefa has opened disciplinary proceedings against CSKA for the "racist behaviour of their fans" during City's 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president of European football's governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referee's actions.CSKA said they were "surprised and disappointed" by Toure's complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: "We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA."Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.Below, the Earth becomes the concrete bottom of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too hard. Still, he'll be traveling fast, so despite the distance, it will not be like diving into the deep end of a pool. It will be like he is diving into the shallow end.Skydiver preps for the big jumpWhen he jumps, he is expected to reach the speed of sound - 690 mph (1,110 kph) - in less than 40 seconds. Like hitting the top of the water, he will begin to slow as he approaches the more dense air closer to Earth. But this will not be enough to stop him completely.If he goes too fast or spins out of control, he has a stabilization parachute that can be deployed to slow him down. His team hopes it's not needed. Instead, he plans to deploy his 270-square-foot (25-square-meter) main chute at an altitude of around 5,000 feet (1,524 meters).In order to deploy this chute successfully, he will have to slow to 172 mph (277 kph). He will have a reserve parachute that will open automatically if he loses consciousness at mach speeds.Even if everything goes as planned, it won't. Baumgartner still will free fall at a speed that would cause you and me to pass out, and no parachute is guaranteed to work higher than 25,000 feet (7,620 meters).cause there