电大本科汉语言文学《现代汉语专题》试题及答案小抄参考.doc

专业好文档中央广播电视大学2010-2011学年度第二学期“开放本科”期末考试（开卷） 现代汉语专题 试题一、判断正误（每小题2分，共20分）说明：正确的打钩，错误的打叉。1“要”的汉语拼音是yao，这个音节的韵母中的韵头是i。( )2北方方言内部语音系统没有任何差别，高度一致。( )3复韵母就是韵腹位于几个音素中间的韵母，例如ian、uang。( )、4“有时间来学习”和“有条件来学习”的内部结构相同，都是连动式。( )5普通话语音系统中能充当韵头的音素是i、u、y、w。( )6从结构看，现代汉语词的发展趋势是由单纯词向合成词发展。( )7“得”字右下角的部件只能构成一个汉字，不是基础部件。( )8现代汉字系统中，合体字数量要多于独体字。( )9网络语言是一种独立于现实语言之外的一种语言。( )10网络语言产生的原因与网民使用方言有关，所以属于地域方言。( )二、举例解释下列术语（每词2分，共10分）11韵腹12敬辞13虚词14非主谓句15记号三、综合分析应用题（共40分） 16.写出充当下列音节的韵头和韵腹的元音(10分) CDjuan: zhun: yang: xue: qiu: 17.从构词法角度分析下列合成词的结构方式。（10分） 战争 战场 金黄 金子 老虎 18.分析下面词组的结构层次关系（10分） 修剪苹果树的赘枝 修剪苹果树的技术 19从不同角度纠正下面句子中存在的问题（10分） 解题提示：下面的句子，可能在语汇、语法、汉字书写方面有错误，注意纠正。直接写出正确的句子即可，不需要说明纠正的原因。 这些年轻人的拙作，语句表达很差，我们实在是不敢恭维。 已经够乱乎的了，你就别瞎搀和了。 我们把任务一定能够按时完成，请大家放心！ 那里的安全情况不断下降，令人担忧。 他接受了这个科研项目，就开始了通霄达旦的工作，力争早日出成果。四、问答题（每小题5分，共30分）20现代汉语方言的发展有哪些趋势？21什么是声调？声调在汉语中有什么作用？22.举例说明成语和惯用语在语音形式和结构关系方面有什么不同。23.“重要”和“主要”是不是同一词类？二者在功能上有哪些不同？24成字部件是不是合成部件？举例说明。25网络语言要不要规范？请谈谈你的认识？试卷代号：1290中央广播电视大学2010-2011学年度第二学期“开放本科”期末考试【开卷）现代汉语专题 试题答案及评分标准 （供参考）一、判断正误（每小题2分，共20分） 1 2× 3× 4 5× 6 7× 8 9× 10.×二、解释下列术语（每词2分，共10分） 11韵腹是韵母中的主要元音，一般由开口度最大的元音充当，如果韵母中只有一个元音，这个元音就是韵腹。例如韵母uai，Q是韵腹，韵母ing，i是韵腹。 12.敬辞是对交际对象表示尊敬的词语，例如“令尊、贵姓、高寿”等等。 13虚词就是不能独立充当句法成分的词，也没有实在意义，例如“了、吧、呢”是虚词。 14.非主谓句就是句子结构中没有主语和谓语之分的句子，由主谓短语以外的短语构成。 例如“刮大风了”、“下暴雨了”就是非主谓句。 15.记号就是跟文字所代表的意义或读音没有联系的字符。例如“河”字中的“可”。三、综合分析应用题（共40分） 16.写出充当下列音节的韵头和韵腹的元音（10分） juan:韵头：n韵腹：Q zhun:韵头：u韵腹：e yang:韵头：i韵腹：a xue:韵头：n韵腹：宅 qiu:韵头：i韵腹：o 17.从构词法角度分析下列合成词的结构方式。（10分） 战争：并列式 战场：限定式 金黄：限定式 金子：后附式 老虎：前附式18分析下面词组的结构层次关系（10分） 19.从不同角度纠正下面句子中存在的问题（10分） 这些年轻人的作品，语句表达很差，我们实在是不敢恭维。 已经够乱乎的了，你就剔瞎掺合了。 我们一定能够按时把任务完成，请大家放心！ 那里的安全情况很不好，令人担忧。 他接受了这个科研项目，就开始了通宵达旦的工作，力争早日出成果。四、问答题（每小题5分，共30分） 20.第一，受共同语普通话影响越来越大，呈现向普通话集中靠拢的趋势；第二，各个方言内部差异正在日益缩小，呈现出互相集中的趋势；第三，相邻方言有互相交融的趋势。 21声调是贯通于整个音节的高低升降的调子，是指读每个音节时声音的变化。汉语是有声调的语言，声调在汉语中具有区别意义的作用。声韵母相同的音节，声调不同，意义往往不同，例如dao念阴平是“刀”，念上声是“倒”，念去声是“到”。 22.第一，从语音看，成语以四个音节为主，惯用语以三个音节为主；第二，从结构看，成语结构关系多种多样，惯用语以述宾关系和偏正关系为主。 23.“重要”和“主要”都是形容词，但“重要”属于普通形容词，“主要”属于非谓形容词。二者在功能上的主要区别是：第一，“重要”可以受副词修饰，“主要”不能受副词修饰；第二，“重要”可以充当谓语，“主要”不能充当谓语。 24.成字部件不一定就是合成部件，二者在有的汉字中对应，在有的汉字中不对应，划分角度不同，没用完全对应的关系。例如“爸”中的“父、巴”是成字部件，不是合成部件。“想”中的“相”是成字部件，也是合成部件。 25肯定回答要点：网络语言需要规范。第一，语言作为交际工具需要规范统一，便于信息传递，但是网络语言个性太强，变异性突出，不便于交际使用：第二，对现实语言形成了冲击，破坏了语言的纯洁统一，有必要进行规范。 否定回答要点：网络语言没有必要规范。第一，网络语言是一种社会方言，只是用于网络环境，交际双方都懂，不影响交际：第二，网络语言的特点主要是体现在词语方面，对现实语言不会产生影响：第三网络语言的独特性产生了很多新词，可以丰富发展现实语言，促进语言发展。 评分说明：这个问题学生可以肯定或否定回答，只要言之成理，同样给分。Winger Tuivasa-Sheck, who scored two tries in the Kiwis' 20-18 semi-final win over England, has been passed fit after a lower-leg injury, while Slater has been named at full-back but is still recovering from a knee injury aggravated against USA.Both sides boast 100% records heading into the encounter but Australia have not conceded a try since Josh Charnley's effort in their first pool match against England on the opening day.Aussie winger Jarryd Hayne is the competition's top try scorer with nine, closely followed by Tuivasa-Sheck with eight.But it is recently named Rugby League International Federation player of the year Sonny Bill Williams who has attracted the most interest in the tournament so far.The Kiwi - with a tournament high 17 offloads - has the chance of becoming the first player to win the World Cup in both rugby league and rugby union after triumphing with the All Blacks in 2011."I'd give every award back in a heartbeat just to get across the line this weekend," said Williams.The (lack of) air up there Watch mCayman Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifa's anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Association's 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend City's Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday."I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Yaya Toure," he told BBC Sport."For me it's about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was."Uefa has opened disciplinary proceedings against CSKA for the "racist behaviour of their fans" during City's 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president of European football's governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referee's actions.CSKA said they were "surprised and disappointed" by Toure's complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: "We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA." Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunda.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.They blew it in 2008 when they got caught cold in the final and they will not make the same mistake against the Kiwis in Manchester.Five years ago they cruised through to the final and so far history has repeated itself here - the last try they conceded was scored by England's Josh Charnley in the opening game of the tournament.That could be classed as a weakness, a team under-cooked - but I have been impressed by the Kangaroos' focus in their games since then.They have been concentrating on the sort of stuff that wins you tough, even contests - strong defence, especially on their own goal-line, completing sets and a good kick-chase. They've been great at all the unglamorous stuff that often goes unnoticed in the stands but not by your team-mates.It is as though their entire tournament has been preparation for the final.In Johnathan Thurston, Cooper Cronk, Cameron Smith and either Billy Slater or Greg Inglis at full-back they have a spine that is unmatched in rugby league. They have played in so many high-pressure games - a priceless asset going into Saturday.The Kiwis are a lot less experienced but winning a dramatic match like their semi-final against England will do wonders for their confidence.They defeated Australia in the Four Nations final in 2010 and the last World Cup, and know they can rise to the big occasion.