初中英语代词ppt课件 好.ppt

代 词,代词的分类 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词 不定代词 指示代词 疑问代词,人称代词、物主代词、反身代词一表清,1.人称代词作主语时用主格，作宾语时用宾格*They all like him very much.他们都很喜欢他。*She gave the books to you and me.这些书是她送给你和我的。,一：人称代词,2.人称代词在作表语时，用宾格*Whos knocking at the door?Its me.谁敲门？-是我。3.人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为单数形式：（二、三、一）即：you/he/I复数形式：（一、二、三）即；we/you/they*You,she and I all enjoy the music.你她和我都喜欢音乐。*We,you and they all love our country.,4.she可以用来代表国家、船只或车辆、大地、月亮等*We love our motherland,we hope shell be stronger and bigger.我们热爱我们的祖国,我们希望她更强大。*The ship is leaving.Shes on her first trip to England.轮船要起航了。这是她第一次去英国。,5.it作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等*What the weather like today?Its windy.今天的天气怎么样？-有风。*Its about five minutes walk from home to school.从家到学校的路程大约5分钟。,6.it可作为形式主语、将不定式、动名词等构成的主语后移，使句子显得平稳*Its hard to reach the apples.很难够到苹果。*Its good for you taking a walk after supper.对你来说饭后散步是有好处的。,二：物主代词,1.形容词性物主代词在句子中做定语修饰名词，一般不单独使用。在句中只能作定语*My brother is a worker.我弟弟是个工人。*His parents are very friendly.他的父母非常友善。,2.名词性物主代词常用来避免与前面提及的名词重复，相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。eg:This is my dictionary.Where is yours?名词性物主代词在句中可作主语、表语和宾语*Whose book is this?Its mine.这书是谁的？-我的。*Our room is big and theirs is small.我们的房间大，他们的房间小。*You may use my pen.Ill use hers.你可以用我的笔，我用他的好了。,3.形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的关系：形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词*These books arent ours.Ours are new.(our books=ours)*This is not our room.Ours is over there.(our room=ours),4.名词性物主代词可用在of后面做定语，相当于“of+名词所有格”，表示所属表示带有部分概念或有一定的感情色彩。eg:He is a friend of mine.*A sister of his is a nurse.他的一个妹妹是个护士。*Tom is a friend of mine 汤姆是我的一个朋友,三、反身代词的用法,定义：反身代词又称自身代词，由第一人称、第二人称形容词性物主代词和第三人称人称代词宾格，单数加词尾self、复数加词尾selves 构成。在句子中，反身代词可作动词或介词的宾语、表语、主语或者宾语的同位语。,（一）作动词的宾语反身代词可以与enjoy,hurt,teach,look after等词连用，表明动作的承受者就是主语本身。1.enjoy oneself=have a good time Did you enjoy yourself at the party last night?2.help oneself(to sth.)随便吃点什么，后面可接食物，一般用在宴会当中，用来招呼客人的用语。Help yourselves to some fruit.,3.hurt oneself 伤着自己 She didnt hurt herself.4.teach oneself=learn by oneself自学 Did you teach yourself English?=Did you learn English by yourself?5.look after oneself 照顾自己 I can look after myself well.,6.say to oneself自言自语 Mary said to herself,“What shall I do?”e to oneself苏醒 Soon the boy came to herself.8.make oneself+过去分词，使自己被别人 She did her best to make herself understood.9.lose oneself in 沉浸于陶醉于 They both lost themselves in the beautiful music.,（二）反身代词和介词连用构成介词宾语1.by oneself=alone自己做 She has done her homework by herself.2.for oneself为自己 She made the skirt for herself.3.of oneself自然而然的、自动的 The door opened of itself.4.among themselves在他们中间 They are discussing the matter among themselves.,（三）作表语反身代词可与be动词或系动词连用，表示或描述一种感觉、情绪或状态。The little boy was myself.（四）用作主语或宾语的同位语，往往用来加强名词或代词的语气，在句中可置于名词、代词之前、之后或句子末尾。1.作主语的同位语 He himself wrote the words and music of the songs.2.作宾语的同位语 I will give the letter to your brother himself.,代 词(二),四、指示代词this/that/these/those,1.this,these指在方位上较近的人或物 that,those指在方位上较远的人或物*This is my shirt,thats yours.*These TVs are made in China,those are made in Japan.,指示代词表示空间和时间远近关系的代词包括:this/that(单数)these/those(复数),2.that,those常指前面提过的东西,以免重复*These boxes are heavier than those on the desk.3.刚才提到的事情，在英文中用that*He was ill yesterday.Im sorry to hear that.,【辨析】one,it,that it 常用来特指上下文提到的事物，用来指可数名词或者不可数名词，one泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的一份子，用于代替可数名词，that常用在比较等级中，代表前面提到的名词，以避免重复。The book is mine.It is very interesting.I have some apples.You can have one.The weather of Zhengzhou is much wetter than that of Shanghai.,五、不定代词 不指明代替特定名词（或形容词）的代词 all,each,every,both,either,neither,none,one,little,few,many,much,other,another,some,any,no 由some,any,no,every 等构成的合成代词,几组在用法上容易混淆的不定代词1.some/any some 常用于肯定句中，There are some flowers in front of the house.当说话者期望得到对方的肯定回答或表示请求建议时，可以用在疑问句中.-Would you like some bread?-Yes,please.May I ask you some questions?Will you give me some water?,any常用于否定句和疑问句中，当any表示“任何”时，可用于肯定句。Do you have any pictures?There arent any students in the classroom.2.many/much many 修饰或指代复数可数名词*There are many eggs in the basket.*Many of us like playing games.much 修饰或指代不可数名词*He doesnt know much English.,3.another/other another 泛指三个或三个以上中的另一个*I dont want this apple.Please show me another.other 后面接名词，泛指别的、其他的*Do you have any other questions?,4.the other/others/the others the other 1.特指两个中的另一个“onethe other”*He has two sons.One is a worker,the other is a doctor.2.修饰名词，特指另一个、另一些*Tom likes swimming,and the other boys in his class like swimming,too.,others泛指其他的人或物*He often helps others.*Some are playing basketball,others are playing football.the others 特指确定范围内剩下的全部的人或物。*There are fifty students in our class.Twenty of them are girls,the others are boys.,图解other系列不定代词,5.few/a few/little/a little few/a few 修饰可数名词 little/a little 修饰不可数名词 few,little 表示否定意义,译为“没有几个”,“没有多少”a few,a little 表示肯定意义,译为“有几个”，“有一点”,*There are few people living here.这里几乎没人住。*There are a few students in the classroom.教室里有一些学生。*I know little English.我不懂英语。*There is a little milk in the bottle.瓶子里有些牛奶。,few 和 little 与 quite 或 only 连用时，常加不定冠词 a*There are quite a few new books in the library.图书馆里颇有些新书。,6.every/each every单数名词,表示“每一个”,强调共性、整体,只作定语,形式上为单数.不与of 连用*Every child likes playing games.each 表示“每一个”,强调个性,作定语主语、宾语和同位语,常与of 连用*Each student was asked to try again.*Each of them has a new book.,7.all/none all“(全部)都”,表示三者或三者以上，作同位语时,一般放在连系动词、助动词之后,行为动词之前*We are all from China.They all like English.none“没有”,表示三者或三者以上都不,后常跟介词of（谓语动词单、复数均可）*None of us is/are afraid of dogs.,8.both/either/neither both“（两者）都”,作主语时看作复数;作定语时后跟名词复数*My parents are both teachers.=Both of my parents are teachers.neither“(两者)都不”,含有否定意义,作主语时谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时后跟名词单数.*Neither answer is right.,either“两者中任何一个”,作主语时谓语用第三人 称单数;作定语时后跟名词单数.*There are trees on either side of the street.=There are trees on both sides of the street.,有关词组及应用 1.both of/either of/neither of*Both of them swim well.他们俩都游得很好。*Either of you goes to Beijing.你们俩随便谁去北京都可以。*Neither of them stopped to have a rest.他们俩谁都不停下来休息。,2.bothand（谓语动词用复数形式）eitheror/neithernor(谓语动词遵循就近原则)*Both Tom and Lucy are in Grade Two.Tom 和 Lucy 都在二年级。*Either my father or my mother cooks at home.或者我爸爸或者我妈妈在家烧饭。*Neither he nor I am free today.我和他今天都没空。,9.something/anything/nothing/Somebody/anybody/nobody1.这些词一般没有词形变化,但以-one或-body结尾的词能带所有格词尾。如：Everyones life was in danger.2.这些词修饰形容词或者副词时,形容词或者副词都需要后置。3.这些复合代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。4.在反意疑问句中,当陈述部分的主语是everybody,someone等指人的复合代词时，疑问部分的主语往往用they,也可以用he;若陈述部分的主语是anything,nothing等指物的复合代词时,疑问部分的主语用it。如：Everyone knows this,doesnt he/dont they?Everything seems all right,doesnt it?,六、疑问代词疑问代词在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句常见的有:who/whom/whose/what/which 通常做主语宾语定语表语*What makes you think like that?做主语*Who(Whom)were you talking with?做宾语*Which bus do I need?做定语*Whats your father?做表语,注意：1.who，whom都表示“谁”，作主语时用who,作宾语时用whom,在口语中,Who和Whom通用,但当疑问词作介词宾语时，且介词又置于句首时，只能用whom。*With whom did he play games?*With who did he play games?(错)2.which,what在特殊疑问句作定语时，后面必须紧跟一个名词。What class are you in?3.疑问词做主语时，疑问句语序用陈述句语序。*Who is your English teacher?,