《初中介词用法》PPT课件.ppt

初中介词用法,介词是表示句子结构中词与词或句子成分之间关系的一种虚词。,一、表示时间和日期的介词,1.时间介词in、on、at、by的用法辨析in用来表示一天中某段时间，指天、年、月、季节、周次等。如：in the morningon用来表示某一天或星期几，指明具体的时间。如：on a rainy dayat用来表示特定的时间、节日、年龄等。如：at noonby表示的时候、到、等到已经等用在天、时间的前面。如：by 2 oclock,2.时间介词in与after 的用法辨析in + 一段时间用于一般将来时。如：Well go to school in two weeks.after + 一段时间用于一般过去时。如：My mother came home after half an hour.after + 时间点常用于一般将来时。如：Well go out for a walk after supper.,3.时间介词for与since的用法辨析for 表示一段时间如：I have been living here for 10 years.since 表示从过去某一时间以来如：I have been living here since 2000.,4.时间介词during与for的用法辨析当所指的时间起止分明时用介词during如：He swims every day during the summer.如果一段时间不明确则用介词for如：I havent seen her for years.,5.时间介词before与by的用法辨析介词before表示“在之前”如：He wont come back before five .介词by表示“到时为止，不迟于”如：The work must be finished by Friday.,6.时间介词till与until用法的异同till和until用在肯定句中，均可表示“直到为止”，如：I will wait till（until）seven oclocktill和until用在否定句中，均可表示“在以前”或“直到才”。如：Tom didnt come back till（until）midnighttill多用于普通文体，而 until则用于多种文体，并且在句子开头时，用until而不用till。如：Until he comes back，nothing can be done,不用介词表达时间的几种情况当表示时间的词前有this, that时，其前面不用介词，如： this morning当表示时间的词前有next时，其前面不用介词，如： next Sunday当表示时间的词前有last时，其前面不用介词，如： last Sunday当表示时间的词前有one, any, each, every, some或all时，其前面不用介词，如：You can come any day.,二方位介词与地点介词的用法辨析,方位介词on, over, above的用法辨析 on表示一物放在另一物上面，两者紧贴在一起，如： The book is on the table. over表示一种垂直悬空的上下关系，即“在上方”， 如： Is there any bridge over the river? above表示一般的“高于”，“在之上”，如： There was an electric clock above his bed.,2.方位介词under与below的用法辨析介词under是over的反义词即“在下方”，如： They were seen under the tree.介词below是above的反义词即“低于”，“在之下”，如： They live below us.,3.方位介词across,、through、over,、past的用法辨析across着重于“从一头或一边到另一头或另一边”，强调从表面穿过。如：She went across the street to make some purchases.through着重于“穿越”，强调从一定的空间内穿过。如：The sunlight was coming in through the window.over多表示从“上方越过”，如：He failed to go over the mountain; he had to go round it.past表示从“面前经过”，如：Someone has just gone past the window.,4.方位介词in、on、at的用法辨析介词in表示“排、行、组”，如：We are in Team One.介词on表示“左、右”，如：Li Ping is on my left.介词at表示“前、后”，如：I sit at the front of the classroom.,5.方位介词to、for的用法辨析介词to表示目的地或去的目的，如：Wil you take a train to Tianjian.介词for表示动身去某地，如：He got on a train for Shanghai.,6.地点介词at与in的用法辨析介词at表示较小的地方，如家、村、乡村等，如：He lives at a small village.介词in表示较大的地方，如大城市、国家、洲等，如：He lives in Beijing.,7.地点介词at与on的用法辨析介词at用于门牌号，如：He lives at No.200, Nanjing Road.介词on用于路名，如：He lives on Nanjing Road.,8.地点介词in、on、to的用法辨析介词in表示“包含”如：Beijing is in the north of China.介词on表示“紧邻”如：Canada lies on the north of the U.S.介词to表示“没接触”如：France lies to the south of England.,方位介词练习1.Tom was sitting_ _my left.2.Jim turned the key_ _the lock and opened the door.3.There are two books_ _the big desk.4.Soon they were_ _the middle of the river.5.Korea lies_ _the northeast of China.6.She lives_ _Nanjing Road .7.There is a post office_ _the corner of the street.8.There is a table_ _the corner of the room.,9.There are some apples_ _the tree.10.There are some birds_ _the tree.11.Helen lived _ _the USA.12.They arrived_ _our school yesterday.13.I think those pens are_ _her pencil box.14.Are these pencils_ _her desk?15.Take the second turning_ _the left.16.You can see many beautiful flowers _ _ both sides of the street.17.There is a bridge_ _the river.,18.Is the book _ the teachers desk?19.Go _ the bridge.20.The students walked _ the gate with Mr. Wang.21.Look, our English teacher is _ _ you now.22.The blackboard is _ the classroom.23.Russia is _ the north of China. 24.Japan is _ the east of China.25.India is _ the south of China26.There is a good news _ todays newspaper.,答案：1.on 2.in 3.on.4.in 5.to 6.on 7.in 8.at 9.on 10.in 11.in 12.at 13.in 14.on 15.on 16.on 17.over 18.under 19.across 20.through 21.behind 22. in front of 23.in 24.to 25.on 26.in,三其他易混介词的用法辨析,1.动作介词to与toward的用法辨析介词to表示向某处移动，如：They were driving to work together.介词toward 表示移向某处，如：Were moving toward the light.,2.原因介词because、as、for的用法辨析介词because表示“因为；由于”指直接的、明确的原因，用来回答why的问句，语气最强。如：The boy was absent because he was ill.介词as表示“由于；鉴于”指一种显而易见、谈话双方已知的理由。如：She stayed at home as she had no car.介词for表示 “因为；由于”指一种间接原因，甚至只是一种附带的说明。如：It must have rained last night, for the road is wet.,3.材料介词of和from的用法介词of用于成品与材料的性质不变时，如：The desk is made of wood.介词from用于成品与材料的性质已变时，如：Wine is made from grapes.,4.表示“用”的介词in、with、by的用法辨析介词in表示“用材料、语言”如：Can you say it in English?介词with表示“用工具、某物”如：with a pen介词by表示“用、以、靠、通过方法”如：He prefers traveling by car.,5.介词between与among的用法辨析介词between 表示“在两者之间”如：Dont sit between the two girls.介词among表示“在当中（三者或以上）”如：They lived among the mountains in the past.,6.介词besides与except的用法辨析介词besides表示“除之外（全部计算在内）”如：We have seen the crocodile besides Li Fang.介词except表示“除之外（不计算在内）”如：We are all Chinese except Tom in our class.,Goodbye!,