阅读理解题方法—猜词义ppt课件.ppt
阅读理解,1.细节理解题2. 推理判断3. 猜词义4.主旨归纳,阅读理解方法-猜词义,1根据定义或解释猜测词义 这类定义或解释通常由生词后的同位语（从句）或定语从句引出。例：The modern age of medicine began with the stethoscope, an instrument for listening to a patients heartbeat and breathing.同位语 ，stethoscope是用来听病人心脏跳动和呼吸的仪器，即“听诊器”。,2根据对比关系猜测词义当句中含有but, however, yet, though, although, on the other hand, instead等表示转折意义的词时，前后句含有对比意义，据此可以猜测生词的词义。例：Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I knew. His brother, in contrast, is quite modest.in contrast表示对比，supercilious与modest意义相对应，supercilious“傲慢的；目空一切的”。,3根据因果关系猜测词义表示因果关系的信息词有：because, so, therefore, thus, sothat等。例：I found I was paying too much attention to the job and thus sacrificed my rest time.Thus 因此， sacrifice意为“牺牲；失去”。,4根据同等关系猜测词义表示同等关系的信息词有：and, or, namely, thats to say, in other words等。例：His secret of a healthy life has been well publicized-no alcohol, no cigarette and no anger. 由a living and healthy life以及同类名词cigarette可推测alcohol意为“酒精，酒”。,5根据同义词、近义词或反义词猜测词义 这类同义词、近义词或反义词往往有and, or, but, however等信息词作暗示。例：In our competitive world of today, examinations play a highly selecting or filtering role.句中selecting 与filtering含义相近，可由selecting（挑选）推测filtering 意为“筛选；选拔”。,6根据构词法猜测词义通常用前缀，后缀或合成词。例：He was performing and his technique was unbelievable. His tone was wonderful and his audience deeply loved him.unbelievable是由词根believe，前缀un-，后缀-able组成，意为“cannot be believed”，即“难以置信的”。,7根据经验或常识猜测词义例：The heat of sun warms some ocean water. The surface of the water evaporates, forming a cloud of warm, wet air that moves upward. “海水因受到光照蒸发，水气上升形成暖湿云团”。由此可知evaporates意为“蒸发”。,8根据上下文猜测词义 词不离句，句不离文。例：The pupils assembled in front of the school hall. They came together to listen to the headmaster announce the result of the sports meeting.第二句有came together（聚到一起），很明显学生们是“聚集到”学校大厅前听校长宣布运动会的成绩。(get together ,gather together ),9根据举例猜测词义这类信息词有such as, for example, for instance等短语。例：Today young couples who are just starting their household often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washing-machine, fridge and colour TV sets.从for instance后所列举的例子可知，appliances意为“electrical equipment used at home”，即“家用电器”。,10根据标点符号猜测词义这类标点符号通常为括号、冒号、破折号、逗号等。例：You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in School, or English Learning.根据冒号后面所举例子可知periodicals意为“magazines published at regular times”， 即“期刊”。,阅读理解题方法猜词义,1根据定义或解释猜测词义2根据对比关系猜测词义3根据因果关系猜测词义4根据同等关系猜测词义5根据同义词、近义词或反义词猜测词义6根据构词法猜测词义7根据经验或常识猜测词义8根据上下文猜测词义9根据举例猜测词义10根据标点符号猜测词义,词义猜测在2009年高考中的体现,2009年全国卷I,“Laws allowing these animals to be brought in from deep forest areas without stricter control need changing ”says Peter Schantz . Monkey-pox may be the wake-up call. Researchers believe infected animals may infect their owners .We know a little about the disease .A.a new disease B. a clear warning C.a dangerous animal D. a morning call,B,2009年全国卷I,If your child is unwilling to discuss something ,dont insist he tell you whats on his mind .The more you insist, the more likely that hell calm up .A.become excited B. show respect C.refuse to talk D. seek help,C,2009年全国卷II(41题),I know what youre thinking :pizza ? For breakfast ? But the truth is that you can have last nights leftovers in the a.m. if you want to .A.food remaining after a meal B.things left undone C.meals made of vegetables D.pizza topped with fruit,A,2009年全国卷II（45题）,Having a husband means an extra seven hours of housework each week for women,according to a new study.For men, getting married saves an hour of housework a week . “It is a well-known pattern ”said lead researcher Frank Stafford. “Men usually work more outside the home ,while women take on more of the housework .”45.A married man _A.take on behavier workB.does more houseworkC.is the main breadwinner D.is the master of the house,C,2009年福建卷,Fly to the great city of Shanghai and in the evening sample traditional Shanghai food.A.buy B. reserve C. taste D.make,C,2009年安徽卷,Of course, the good of oxen is not limited to plowing . In fact ,they are seen as “boat on land ”for their ability to carry loads .A. annimals for takeing good B.creatures for pulling plows C. treasures of the folk culture D.tools in the farming economy,A,2009年安徽卷,People obviously have a need for the resources we gain from cutting trees but we will suffer much more than we will benefit .There are two main reasons for this .A.we will lose much more than we can gainB. Humans have begun destroying rainforestsC.People have a strong desire for resources D.Much carbon dioxide comes from burning rainforests,A,2009年天津卷,Frequently it happens that a place has two names :one is named by the people and the other by the government .As in many areas , old habits die hard ,and the place continues to be called by its unofficial name long after the meaning is lost .A.change suddely B.change significantly C.disappear mysteriously D.disappear very slowly,D,2009年辽宁卷,But it is a two-way street .I just heard about thousand Shenzhen office workers who have gone to Bangalore to train in software . Meanwhile， the India IT majors are setting up a strong presence in China .A.China and India have different traffic rules B.Tea trade works wonders in both India and India C.Chinese products are popular in both China and India D.The exchanges between India and China benefit both.,D,2009年湖北卷,One day in 1980 ,my uncle Milton received his draft notice .My grandparents were very upset .But my mother ,at the age of 10,fell on top of the world about her soldier brother going off to war .A.order for army service B.train ticket for Europe C.letter of rejection D.note of warning,A,2009年浙江卷,The woman stopped unloading her basket and looked up at me .She smiled. It was a nice smile - warm and reassuring - and I returned her gift by smiling back .A.her words B.Her smile C. Her flowersD.Her politeness,B,2009年浙江卷,Several months ago I was racing to catch a bus .As I breathlessly put my handful of cash acrossthe Greyhound counter, the sales agent said with a broad smile, “Oh that bus left five minutes ago ”Dreams of head-cutting .A.The writer was mad at the sales agent B.He was reminded of the cruel paraohC.Hewiched that the sales agent would had bad dreams D.He dreamed of cutting the sales agents head that night.,A,2009年四川卷,It rained for 24 hours ! As usual , I rushed home from work at middy to check on the house .Nothing was amiss.A.Wrong B. Missing C. Right D. Found,A,
