商务文体翻译概要ppt课件.ppt

商务文体翻译,措辞严密，专业术语，逻辑性强，长句难句合同（contract）信用证 （L/C）汇票 （draft）提单 （B/L）产地证 （certificate of origin）商检证 （inspection certificate）商业发票 （commercial invoice）装运通知 （shipping advice）保险单 （policy of insurance）报关单 （customs declaration）,语气委婉，语言简洁，语法简明，语体非正式询盘（enquiry letter）报盘 （offer）还盘 （counteroffer）订货单 （indent）市场报告 （market report）销售报告 （sales report）备忘录 （memorandum）会议记录 （minutes）,诱导功能，措辞严谨，修辞多变，以劝说为目的推销信 （sales letter）产品广告 （product ads）商标 （trade mark）产品说明 （instruction）索赔函 （claim letter）催款函 （collection letter）,主要的价格术语国际商会出版的2000年国际贸易术语解释通则（INCOTERMS2000）规定的贸易术语分类Trade terms 第一组：E组术语启运，卖方在其所在地把货物交给买方Ex Works 工厂交货价,第二组：F组术语主要运费未付，卖方须将货物交至买方指定的承运人FCA: Free Carrier 货交承运人卖方须将货物交给买方指定承运人，从交货地至目的地的运费由买方负担指定装运港FAS: Free Alongside Ship 船边交货FOB: Free On Board 离岸价（船上交货）,第三组：C组术语主要运费已付 ，卖方必须签订运输合同，但对货物灭失或损坏的风险以及装船和启运后发生事件所产生的额外费用不承担责任指定目的港CFR: Cost&Freight 成本加运费 CIF: Cost, Insurance and Freight 成本，保险加运费指定目的地CPT: Carriage Paid To 运费付至CIP: Carriage and Insurance Paid To 运费保险费付至,第四组：D组运抵，卖方必须承担把货物交至目的地国家所需的全部费用和风险指定地点DAF: Delivered at Frontier 边境交货指定目的港DES: Delivered ex Ship 船上交货指定目的地DEQ: Delivered ex Quay 码头交货DDU: Delivered Duty Unpaid 未完税交货DDP: Delivered Duty Paid 完税后交货,词语特点,古体词thereinafter 其后，从那以后therein 在那里；在那点上，在那方面hereinafter 以下，在下文thereof 在其中hereby 特此；因此；兹hereto 至此；对此herein 此中，与此 hereunder 在此之下hereof 关于此点，在本文件中,The Attachments to this Contract shall be deemed a part hereof and shall be effective as any other provision hereof. 本合同的附件应被视为本合同的一部分，与其他条款有同样效力。In the event that there shall be newly increased items of work, the Parties hereto shall enter into an agreement for the unit price of such items. 如果需新增加工程，双方应另行协定该项新增工程的单价。,A certificate of the Borrower shall, substantially, comply with the form set forth in Appendix 4, and the attachment specified therein. 借款人证明书，其格式基本上应遵循附录4规定的格式及其规定的附件。The Contractor shall be deemed to have inspectedand examined the site and its surroundings and information available in connection therewith and to have satisfied himself. 承包人应被视为对现场和周围环境以及提供的相关资料进行了考察和研究，并感到满意。,US$25 per dozen CIF New York, includes your commission 3%. The commission should be payable only after the seller has received the full amount of all payment due to the seller. 纽约成本，保险，运费价为每打25美元，其中包括你的佣金3%。在卖方收到所有的应付款项后，即付佣金。货物的价格以美元FOB净价计算，其中不包括买方的佣金。若双方另有规定或同意则另作别论。Price should be based on FOB, net in U.S.dollar without the buyers commission unless otherwise stipulated or agreed upon between the two parties.,We have received your letter of June 9, enquiring about the best terms of the goods. Your early reply to our specific inquiry will be highly appreciated. Pursuant to your request, we are airmailing you two copies of our latest price-list covering various minerals. All expenses and risks thereinafter shall be born by your side. Payment by draft payable 90 days after sight, documents against acceptance.,贵方六月九日关于该货物优惠条款询盘的来函已收悉。如蒙贵方早日答复我方的具体询价，不胜感激。按贵方要求，兹航邮我方多种矿石的最新价格表两份。此后发生的一切开支费用及风险损失均由贵方承担。凭见票后90天付款的汇票付款，承兑交单。,英语合同的用词特点,专业化（professional）、正式（formal）、准确（accurate） 1、May, shall, must ,may not (或shall not) 的使用may 旨在约定当事人的权利（可以做什么）Shall约定当事人的义务（应当做什么时候） must 用于强制性义务（必须做什么）may not (或shall not)用于禁止性义务（不得做什么）May do 不能说成can do shall do，不能说成should do 或ought to do，may not do 在美国一些法律文件可以用shall not，但绝不能用can not do或must not,2、正式用语（formal term） “因为”的短语多用“by virtue of ，远远多于“due to”一般不用“because of ”； “财务年度末”一般用“at the close of the fiscal year”，而不用“in the end of the fiscal year”； “在之前”一般用“prior to”，而不用“before”； “关于”常用“as regards”， “concerning”或“relating to”，而不用“about”； “事实上”用“in effect”，而不用“in fact”； “开始”用“commencement”,而不用“start”或“begin”；,“停止做”用“cease to do”，而不用“stop to do”； “何时开会并由某某主持”的表述为：The meeting shall be convened and presided by sb. 其中“召开”不用“hold 或call”，而用“convene”；“主持”不用“chair”或“be in charge of ”，而用“preside”； “其他事项”用“miscellaneous”, 而不用“other matters/events”； “理解合同”用“construe a contract” 或“comprehend a contract”，而不用“understand a contract”; “认为”用“deem”，用“consider”少，不用“think”或“believe”； “愿意做”用“intend to do”或“desire to do”,3. 用词专业（Technical Terms）“赔偿”用“indemnities”，而不用“compensation” “不动产转让”用“conveyance”，而不用“transfer of real estate” “房屋出租”用“tenancy”，而“财产出租”用“lease of property” “停业”用“wind up a business”或“cease (名词是cessation) a business”,而不用“end/stop a business” 专利许可中的“特许权使用费”只用“royalties” 还款或专利申请的“宽限期”英文“grace”, “当事人在破产中的和解”用“composition”,以实物出资为“investment in kind” “依照合同相关规定”一般说“pursuant to provisions contained herein”或“as provided herein” “合同任何一方当事人不得转让本合同”英文表述为“Neither party hereto may assign this contract”，其中“hereto”表示“to the contract”,词语叠用叠用确保了合同所用词语意思不会被曲解常见叠用词able and willing能够与愿意alteration, modification or substitution 变更、修改或替代be null and void and of no effect 作废并无效insufficiency or inadequacy 不足loss or damage 灭失或损坏negligence, fault, or failure in the duties and obligations 未履行责任和义务,stipulations and provisions 条款terms or conditions 条款use, misuses or abuse 使用、误用或滥用void and voidable 无效的和可以撤销的just and due 合理与正当的sole and absolute 完全的It is the intent of the parties that all documents and annexes forming part hereof shall be read and taken together and that each and every provision or stipulation hereof be given full force, effect and applicability.However, in the event that one or more provisions or stipulations herein be declared null and void by the courts, or otherwise rendered ineffective.,All permits, taxes and other fees arising from the prosecution and execution of the project shall be solely shouldered by the Contractor. 项目施工过程中所产生的许可证费、税费及其他费用全部由承包方负担。项目执行、施工过程中所产生的许可证费、税费及其他费用均由承包方承担。,Any supplement, modification or alternation agreed by both parties shall be taken as an integral part of the Contract, and has the equal legal force as the Contract itself. 经双方同意，对本合同所做的任何补充、修改或变更应作为合同不可分割的组成部分，并具有与合同同等的法律效力。经双方同意，对本合同的任何补充、修改应作为合同不可分割的组成部分，并具有与合同同等的法律效力。,Any dispute, controversy or claim arising out of or relating to this Contract, or the breach, termination or invalidity thereof, shall be settled through amicable negotiation, in case no settlement can be reached through negotiation, the case shall then be submitted for arbitration. The location of arbitration shall be in the country of the domicile of the defendant.,由于本合同或者由于违反本合同、终止本合同或者本合同无效而发生的、或与此有关的任何争端、争议或索赔，双方应通过友好协商解决；如果协商不能解决，应当提交仲裁。仲裁应当在被告户籍所在国进行。,翻译原则文体适应性：了解经贸文本语言特点，表达法询价与报价：语气委婉，简洁，准确，非正式文体would like to /would love to 想要/意欲be interested in be desirous of take great pleasure 很高兴,2. 议价和协调：语气委婉，严谨，非正式文体be afraid Is it possible that feel sorry that suggest that 3.回复和抱怨、赔偿look forward to have to complain to regret to inform lodge a claim against,We would like to know the price exclusive of tax of your PDA.A client of mine enquiries for 100 cases Black Tea. The above inquiry was forwarded to you on January 15, but we havent received your reply until now. Your early offer will be highly appreciated. Any increase or decrease in the freight after the date of sale shall be for the buyers account. All prices are subject to change without notice. Please find the attached information and our best offer for our products.,我们想知道你方PDA不含税的价格。我的一个客户询价100箱红茶。上述询价已于1月15日发给贵公司，可是我们到现在还未收到你方答复，请早日报价，不胜感激。出售日后运费如有上涨或下跌，均归买方负担。所有报价随时会变更，恕不另行通知。请参考附件数据和我们所提供最优惠的产品价格。,商务合同的基础知识,国际商务合同一般包含如下四个部分（一）合同名称（Title）：即合同标题，表明合同的内容和性质。（二）前文（Preamble）：A. 订约日期和地点；B. 合同当事人及其国籍、主营业务或住所；C. 当事人合法依据；D. 订约缘由/说明条款（三）正文（Main Body）：A. 一般条款（General Terms and Conditions）；B. 特殊条款（Other Conditions）。（四）结尾条款（WITNESS Clause）：A. 结尾语；B. 签名（Signature）；C. 盖印（Seal）。,合同英语的词汇特点及翻译要点,庄重文体，用词极其考究，特定性和严肃风格一、用词专业，具有法律意味（professional or legal）二、用词正式、准确（formal and accurate）,（一）根据不同的专业来确定词义1）The premium rates vary with differed interests insured.保险业，意思是“被保险的货物”2）If the buyer fails to pay any account when due, the buyer shall be liable to pay the seller overdue interest on such unpaid amount from the due date until the actual date of payment at the rate of five percent per annum, such overdue interest shall be paid upon demand of the seller. 国际贸易，意思是“一方由于未能支付到期的应付款项而向另一方支付的利息”3）The articles of our immediate interest are your “CHON-HOI” brand Agricultural Washing Machines.营销业， “对什么产品、品牌感兴趣”,（二）注意合同本身的术语合同自身也有大量具有法律特性的合同术语“权利和义务”（rights and obligations)“仲裁”( arbitration）“终止”（termination）“不可抗力”（force majeure）“管辖”（jurisdiction）对这些词语在一般文体中和法律文体中的意义进行区分,Contractor shall assure full responsibility for the entire project work until its acceptance. 译文：在项目接收之前，承包方应对工程承担全部责任。“验收”Shipping details , including whether transshipments are allowed; also recorded should be the latest date for shipment and the names of the ports of shipment and discharge. 装船细节包括是否允许转运以及装船的最后日期和装船、卸货的港口名称。“装运细节”，“装货港和卸货港的名称”,（三）注意一些以here、there或where等作前缀的副词。这些虚词的使用使得句子简练、严谨，从而显示出该类语言正规、严肃、权威等文体特征here代表thisthere代表thatwhere代表what/whichWe hereby certify 在这句中是强调所说明、证明的内容，因此可译为“特此”。,长句及其翻译首先，要找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语,即句子的主干结构其次，要找出句子中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语和从句的引导词，然后再分析从句和短句的功能，即：是否是主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句或状语从句等，以及词、短语和从句之间的关系最后,分析句子中是否有固定搭配、插入语等其他成分,The Buyer may, within 15 days after arrival of the goods at the destination, lodge a claim against the Seller for short-weight being supported by Inspection Certificate issued by a reputable public surveyor.主干为The Buyer maylodge a claim时间（within 15 days after arrival of the goods at the destination）方式（being supported by Inspection Certificate issued by a reputable public surveyor）原因（for short-weight）,按照汉语的行文规范适当进行调整：方式状语一般应置于动词之前；其他状语可以灵活处理译文货物抵达目的港15天内，买方可以凭有信誉的公共检验员出示的检验证明向卖方提出短重索赔。,If a Party breaches any of the representations or warranties given by it in Articles 18.1 or repeated in 18.2, then in addition to any other remedies available to the other Party under this contract orunder Applicable Laws, it shall indemnify and keep indemnified the other Party and the company against any losses, damages, costs, expenses, liabilities and claims that such Party or the Company may suffer as a result of such breach.,如果一方违反任何其根据第18.1条或18.2条所作的陈述及担保或重述,则另一方除根据本合同或相关法律寻求任何可能的救济之外,违约方应当赔偿另一方或合营公司因此种违反而招致的任何损失、损害、费用、开支、责任或索赔。,国际商务合同结构三个部分Preamble of a Contract合同的前言其一,主要载明合同当事人的名称或者姓名、国籍、主营业务或者住所(the corporate or personal names of the parties to the contract and their nationalities，principal places of business or residential addresses)；其二，合同签订的日期、地点(the date and place of signing of the contract)。以上两项内容主要解决以下法律问题：合同的主体是谁；订约人是否具有合法主体资格，合同及合同争议应适用的法律；合同履行地点；合同生效、终止、履行日期及争议时的司法管辖权等等。,This contract is made this 29th day Of March. 2003 in Shanghai，China by and between ABC Corporation China (hereinafter referred to as “Seller)，a- Corporation having their principal office in Shanghai，China who agrees to sell, and XYZ Corporation (hereinafter referred lo as “Buyer)，a Corporation having their principal office in New York，NY，USA，who agrees to buy the following goods on the terms and conditions as below：,本合同由中国ABC公司， 总公司设于中国上海(以下简称卖方)与美国XYZ公司， 总公司设于美国纽约州纽约市(以下简称买方)于2003年3月29日订立于中国上海，双方同意按下述条件买卖下列货物：,合同号码：(经合字)第0081号签约日期：2003年3月29日签约地点：中国上海卖方：中国ABC公司地址：中国上海 街 号公司属国：中华人民共和国电传：传真：邮编：电子信箱：买方：美国XYZ公司地址：美国纽约州纽约市街号公司属国：美利坚合众国电传：传真：邮编：电子信箱：,Contract Number：JH Zi,No.0081Date 0f Execution of Contract：March，29，2003Place Of Execution Of Contract：Shanghai，China.Seller：ABC Corporation，ChinaAddress：No ， St，Shanghai，China。Country of Corporation：Peoples Republic of ChinaTelex：Fax：Postcode：E-mail：Buyer：XYZ Corporation，USAAddress：No. ， St，New York，NYUSACountry Of Corporation：United States of AmericaTelex：Fax：Postcode：E-mail：,Final Clauses合同的结尾结尾条款主要应明确的内容有：合同使用的文字及其效力(languages in which the contract is to be written and its validity)。除了明确使用的文字及其效力外，有时还应订立对合同进行修改或补充的内容。如果合同中订有附件，应在合同中另立一章列出附件的具体内容，并明确在合同的结尾部分规定附件为本合同不可分割的组成部分。应明确规定合同在双方授权代表签字后正式生效。,This Contract is made out in two originals，each copy written in Chinese and English languages，both texts being equally valid. In case of any divergence of interpretation，the Chinese text shall prevail本合同正文一式两份，分别以中文和英文书写，两种文本具有同等效力。若对其解释产生异议，则以中文本为准。The annexes as listed in Articles 19 to this Contract shall form an integral part of this Contract本合同第19章列出的附件为本合同不可分割的组成部分。,Any amendment andor supplement to this contract shall valid only after the authorized 、representatives of both parties have signed written document (s)，forming integral part (s) of this Contract本合同的任何修改和补充，只有在双方授权的代表在书面文件上签字后才能生效，并成为本合同不可分割的组成部分。This Contract shall come into force after the signatures by the authorized representatives of both parties.本合同将在双方授权代表签字后正式生效。,Validity Clauses 0f Contracts合同的效力条款这部分内容涉及合同生效的基本条件，在法律上具有重要的意义。合同效力的内容主要由两组条款组成，分别写在合同的开始和结尾.第一组条款写在合同的开始，在结构上称“前言条款”(Preface Clause)，其主要内容为：,(1)合同的名称：主要写明合同的准确名称，如“购货合同”(Purchase Contract)，“销售合同”(sales Contract)，“联合生产合同”(Contract forCoproduction)，“成套设备技术引进合同” (Contract for Introduction of Complete Plant and Technology)，“中外合资经营企业合同”(Contract for Sino-foreign Joint Ventures)等；,(2)合同各方名称及法定地址：合同各方的名称第一次在合同中出现时一定要写全名，不能缩写，只有在后面重复出现时才能用简称，简称为甲方或乙方，买方或卖方，许可方或被许可方(hereinafter referred to as Party A or Party B；the Buyer or the Seller；the Licensor or Licensee)等；法定地址，主要指营业地、住所地、或居所所在地,(3)订约日期及地点：订约日期和地点是关系到合同发生纠纷时适用法律的问题，必须写明；(4)合同双方法律关系，主要是在明确了当事人全称后，指明谁是买方谁是卖方，或出让方、受让方，贷款人或借款人等等；(5)同意订约的词句，如“双方同意按下述条款买卖下列货物”(Both parties agree to buy and sell the following goods on the terms and conditions as below),This Contract is made this 16th date of Oct，1998 in Beijing，China by and between ABC (Full Name) Company under the Law of ,having its registered address in ，Its legal address is (hereinafter referred to as the “Buyer) and DEF (Full Name) Company under the Law of ，having its registered address In ，its legal address is (hereinafter referred to as the “Seller)；whereby the Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller agrees to sell the following goods on theterms and conditions as below：,本合同由依 法律成立的ABC(全称)公司，其登记注册地在 ，法定地址为(以下简称买方)和依 法律成立的DEF(全称)公司，其登记注册地在 ，法定地址为 (以下简称卖方)于1998年10月16日在中国北京订立，双方同意按下述条款买卖下列货物：,第二组条款写在合同的结尾部分，在结构上称“结尾条款”(concluding clauses)，其主要内容为：合同使用的文字，合同的份数，各种文本的效力，合同的生效时间，对合同修改补充的效力，双方当事人签字等。如果合同中包括附件，还应在合同中规定： “附件是合同不可分割的部分”(The annex shall form an integral part of this Contract)，否则，就不具备构成合同附件的条件。,This Contract is made out in duplicate in Chinese and In English Language，one Chinese original copy and one English original copy for each Party，both texts being equally authenticThis contract shall come into force from the date. It is signed by the authorized representatives of both parties. The annexes as listed in Article 10 shall form an integral part to this Contract本合同用中文和英文书就，一式二份，双方各执一份中文正本和一份英文正本。两种文本具有同等效力。本合同自双方授权代表签字之日起生效，第十章中列出的附件为本合同不可分割的组成部分。,Any amendment andor supplement to this contract will be valid only after the authorized representatives of both parties have signed written documentsforming integral parts of the Contract对本合同的任何修改和补充，只有在双方授权代表在书面签字后方为有效，并成为本合同不可分割的组成部分。,Definition and Whereas定义与鉴于条款,Definition Clauses定义条款为了避免对涉外合同中使用的某些重要的名词、概念的理解发生争议，使双方对合同中使用的重要名词有统一的认识，对合同中重复出现的有特殊意义的且容易引起争议的名词概念作专门的解释，是非常必要的。,在订立定义条款时要考虑两方面问题：首先，应确定对合同中的哪些名词术语进行定义。确定的标准是：在合同中重复出现，具有特殊意义，并且对确定当事人的权利和义务有关键性作用的名词术词；其次，应确定以何种形式对合同中的专用名词进行定义。在实践中，一般对合同中重复出现的关键名词列出专章或专款进行解释。,定义条款常见于下列类型的合同中，“合作生产合同”(Contract for Co-production)“专有技术合同”(Contract for Know-how)“成套设备技术引进合同”(Contract for Introduction of Complete Plant and Technology)“合资经营企业合同”(Cont