英美概况ppt课件 美国地理.ppt

,General knowledge of America,美国概况,Contents:,Basic information American geography,Full name National flagNational emblemNational anthemNational day National flowerCapital Nickname,I. Basic information,Name of the Country,The full official name of the country is the United States of America, usually referred to as the U.S.A.The United State of America, with the capital of Washington D. C., is the biggest country in North America.,national flag： Stars and Stripes,The Star-Spangled Banner,made up of 13 alternating red and white stripes and 50 white stars on a blue field Stars are considered a symbol of the heavens and the divine goal the stripe is symbolic of the rays of light from the sun,White: Signifies purity and innocence Red: Signifies valor and braveryBlue: Signifies Vigilance, perseverance, and justice,Star Spangled Banner 星条旗之歌,Oh, say can you see, by the dawns early light, What so proudly we hailed at the twilights last gleaming? Whose broad stripes and bright stars, through the perilous fight, Oer the ramparts we watched, were so gallantly streaming? 啊! 在 晨 曦 初 现 时， 你 可 看 见 是 甚 么 让 我 们 如 此 骄 傲? 在 黎 明 的 最 后 一 道 曙 光 中 欢 呼， 是 谁 的 旗 帜 在 激 战 中 始 终 高 扬!,And the rockets red glare, the bombs bursting in air, Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there. O say, does that star-spangled banner yet wave Oer the land of the free and the home of the brave?,烈 火 熊 熊， 炮 声 隆 隆，我 们 看 到 要 塞 上 那 面 英 勇 的 旗 帜在 黑 夜 过 后 依 然 耸 立!啊! 你 说 那 星 条 旗 是 否 会 静 止，在 自 由 的 土 地 上 飘 舞，在 勇 者 的 家 园 上 飞 扬。,National emblem： Bald eagle,Motto:In God We Trust(official)E Pluribus Unum (traditional)(Latin: Out of Many, One),The Great Seal,Olive branch and arrows(peace and power),美国的国徽是由威廉巴顿William Barton和查尔斯汤姆逊Charles Thomson设计的，美国政府于1782年6月20日开始用这个国玺来鉴定重 要文件。 国徽的图案，正中是一只象征独立、自由精神的白头鹰，前面盾牌状的国旗，代表了1777年加入美国联邦的十三个州。白头鹰的右爪持着希望和平的橄榄枝，左爪握着决心自卫的利箭。白头鹰衔着一条用拉丁文写着“合众国” 字样的彩带，国徽顶端则是透过云雾，闪闪发光的十三颗金星。,The Great Seal shows a wide-spread eagle, faced front, having on his breast a shield with thirteen perpendicular red and white stripes, surmounted by a blue field with the same number of stars. In his right talon the eagle holds an olive branch, in his left a bundle of thirteen arrows, and in his beak he carries a scroll inscribed with the motto: E Pluribus Unum“, meaning out of many, one The Eagle appears in the Seals of many of our States, on most of our gold and silver coinage, and is used a great deal for decorative patriotic purposes. The eagle represents freedom.,National Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner 星条旗永不落National Day: July 4National flower: roseNational bird: bald eagleCapital: Washington D.C. (as a memorial to George Washington and Christopher Columbus)Nickname: Uncle Sam,In 1986, President Regan issued a proclamation to declare that the rose became the official flower of the America.,National BirdThe Eagle,The bald eagle was chosen on June 20, 1782 as the symbol of America, because of its long life, great strength and majestic looks. The eagle, full of the spirit of freedom, living above the valleys, strong and powerful in his might, has become the national symbol of U.S.A.,George Washington,Christopher Columbus,Uncle Sam,Uncle Sam,a figure symbolizing the United States portrayed as a tall, white-haired man with a goateeoften dressed in red, white, and blue, and wears a top hat“Uncle Sam” to the United States is “John Bull” to UK,John Bull,Uncle Sam,Mexico,The Pacific Ocean,The Atlantic Ocean,1.Location and size2. Topography (地形,地质) Major mountains and rivers three geographical divisions 3.Climate 4. Natural resources 5.Population 6.Geograpical regions 7.Major cities,II. American Geography,1. The United States is made up of District of Columbia and_ states.A. 48 B. 49C. 50 D. 51 2. What are the names of the two states of the United States which are noncontiguous?A. Alaska and Hawaii B. Alaska and OhioC. Ohio and Kansas D. Hawaii and Kansas,48 contiguous states + 2 noncontiguous states + D.C,1. Location and Size,1. Continental United Stateslies in central North Americawith Canada to its north, Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico to its south, the Atlantic Ocean to its east and the Pacific Ocean to its west.2. The 2 newest states: Alaska and Hawaii separated from continental United StatesAlaska borders on northwestern Canada,Hawaii lies in the central Pacific.,3. the advantages of the location of the USThe US has an ideal location for its development.-Its Atlantic coast faces the developed countries of Western Europe, and its Pacific coast and Hawaii give the nation an approach to the Far East and Australasia- In the past the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans served as natural barriers between the US and the rest of the world. This allowed the US to grow and become strong with little outside interference.- And today the development of means of communication and transportation makes the U.S. well connected to the rest of the world.,Size of the US,-a land area of 9.3 million square kilometers.- stretches 2,575 kilometers from north to south and 4,500 kilometers from east to west.- the 4th largest country in the world in size after Russia, Canada and China.-All together there are 50 states in the US.-Of all the states Alaska is the largest in area and Rhode Island the smallest. -on the mainland Texas is the largest.,2. topography: Mountains in U. S. A.,Appalachian Mountains阿巴拉契亚山脉,Rocky Mountains落基山脉,The Appalachian Mountains-run slightly from the northeast to southwest -old (have been worn out over millions of years) and low (the highest peak is only a little over 2,000 metres) -noted for virgin forests and mines -served as a natural barrier for westward movement during the early settlement.,The Appalachian Mountains,the great mountain system of eastern North America; one sixth of the national territory on the continent; From province of Quebec in Canada to Northern Alabama.,The Rocky Mountains- run slightly from the northwest to southeast-younger (are considered as young as Chinas Himalayas) and high (with the higher peak Elbert of about 4,500 metres) - the backbone of the North American continent and is known as the Continental Divide. -famous for lots of natural national parks -It is also known as the Continental Divide (大陆分水岭), because it separates the major river systems of the United States.,Rocky Mountains-great backbone of North America,the great mountain system of western North America;5000kms from New Mexico to Canada;average altitude: more than 3000ms above sea level.,Appalachian Mountains VS Rocky Mountains,2.Topography: Rivers in the USA,The rivers in the country are mainly lying between the Appalachian and Rocky Mountains.1. The Mississippi-3,782 kilometres long -The Mississippi and its tributaries drain one of the richest farm areas in the world -They form a 19,000-kilometre system of waterways and serve as important means of transportation. -called “father of waters” and the “old man river”,Rivers in U.S.A.,Mississippi RiverFather of all Waters,2. The Missouri-over 6,000 kilometres and is one of the longest rivers in the world -runs 3,725 kilometres before it joins the Mississippi 3. The Ohio-about 1,500 kilometres long- called the American Ruhr (after the Ruhr River鲁尔河in Germany), famous for its rich valuable deposits-The area is well known for its steel industry 4. On the Pacific side there are 2 great rivers: the Colorado in the south, and the Columbia rises in Canada.5. The Hudson,“father of waters”,The most important and longest river in the U.S.The Missouri and the Ohio are two of its largest tributaries.,The Great Lakes,Niagara Falls尼亚加拉瀑布,The five Great Lakes,Lake MichiganLake SuperiorLake ErieLake HuronLake Ontario-the worlds largest Group of freshwater lakes-They are all located between Canada and the US except Lake Michigan,They are :,Lake Superior苏必利尔湖：the largest fresh water lake in the world. Lake Michigan密歇根湖：the only one entirely in the US Lake Huron休伦湖 Lake Erie伊利湖 Lake Ontario安大略湖,2.Topography: Three Geographic Divisions,The Eastern Part,The eastern partthe highlands formed by the Appalachian Range (阿巴拉挈亚山脉).,one sixth of the territory relatively low, with an average altitude of 800 meters above sea level,The Western Part,High plateaus (高原) and mountainsextending from Canada through the western part of the United States to Mexico and further south. One third of the countrys territoryRocky mountains,The Great Central Plain,Between the Appalachians in the east and the Rocky Mountains in the west.,half of Americas landmass on the continentstretch from the Great Lakes in the north to the Gulf of Mexico in the south drained by the Mississippi and its tributariesfive great lakes and Niagara Falls,The Great Central Plain,The Great Central Plain is between _ and _, occupying about1/2 of Americas landmass on the continent.Keys:Rocky MountainsThe Appalachian MountainsOne second,3. Climate,The northern states are the coldest;The southern states are sunbelt;Temperate states are in the Pacific Northwest.,Climate in the United States,Maritime climate,Continental desert climate,Continental steppe (西伯利亚草原）climate,Humid continental climate,Sub-tropical climate,Sub-arctic climate,Tropical climate,Climate,Mainly temperate with some mild subtropical zones with only the southern Florida and Hawaii being tropical.50 centimeter rainfall linein the eastcomparatively more rain, so easy agriculture; in the westmuch less rain (less than 50 cm. a year) with the exception of the coastal areas along the Pacific.,4. Natural Resources,rich in mineral resources among the countries with the greatest reserves of coal, iron ore and oil. abounds in lead, copper, zinc, aluminum, silver, and gold. one fourth of the territorycovered with forests which mainly concentrate upon three areas: the area along the north western coast of the Pacificthe area in the south the area in the northrich in oilonce the largest oil producing country.oil reservealong the coast of the Gulf of Mexico, Texas, Louisiana, and Oklahoma,5. population,“Melting Pot”Among the Caucasians, the most influential people are WASP: the white Anglo-Saxon Protestants.Aborigines: the Indians80%-90% of immigrants are from Asia and Hispanic countries.Hispanic groups mainly came from Mexico, Puerto Rico, and Cuba.,Nation of immigration,Language Spoken at Home (U.S. Census),6. Geographical Regions,New England,Middle Atlantic states,The American South,The Mid-West,The American West,The Pacific Coast,New States,New England 新英格兰,Maine 缅因州 New Hampshire新罕布什尔州 Vermont 佛蒙特州 Massachusetts 马塞诸塞州(麻省) RhodeIsland罗得岛 Connecticut 康涅狄格州,Middle Atlantic States,West Virginia 西弗吉尼亚州New Jersey 新泽西州New York 纽约州Pennsylvania宾夕法尼亚州 Maryland 马里兰州Delaware 特拉华州,The Mid-West States,Wisconsin 威斯康星州 South Dakota 南达科他州 North Dakota 北达科他州Ohio 俄亥俄州Illinois 伊利诺伊州Indiana 印第安纳州Iowa 艾奥瓦(衣阿华)州 Kansas 堪萨斯州 Missouri 密苏里州Minnesota 明尼苏达州Michigan 密歇根(密执安)州Nebraska 内布拉斯加州,The American South,Virginia 弗吉尼亚州 North Carolina 北卡罗来州 Oklahoma 俄克拉何马州 South Carolina 南卡罗来州 Tennessee 田纳西州 Texas 得克萨斯州 Alabama 亚拉巴马州 Arkansas 阿肯色州 Florida 佛罗里达州 Georgia 佐治亚州 Kansas 堪萨斯州 Louisiana 路易斯安那州 Mississippi 密西西比州,The American West,Wyoming 怀俄明州 New Mexico新墨西哥州 Arizona 亚利桑那州Idaho 爱达荷州 Montana 蒙大拿州Nevada 内华达州 Colorado 科罗拉多州Utah 犹他州,The Pacific Coast,Washington 华盛顿州 Oregon 俄勒冈州 California 加利福尼亚州,The New States,Alaska 阿拉斯加州Hawaii 夏威夷,The Top List : exercise,The largest state: AlaskaThe smallest state: Rhode IslandThe most populous state: CaliforniaThe least populous state: Wyoming The largest cities: New York？,7. Major cities,1. Washington D.C. 2. New York City (in New York)3. Los Angeles (In California)4. Chicago (in Illinois)5. Houston (in Texas)6. Philadelphia (in Pennsylvania)7. Detroit (in Michigan)8. San Francisco (in California)9. Boston (in Massachusetts),1. In the United States, _, which is a city of Texas, is nicknamed “ the Space City”. A. New York City B. Detroit C. Philadelphia D. Houston 2. Harvard is located in _, which is also called “ The Athens of America” from the teaching and research carried out in over 100 colleges and universities. A. Detroit B. Houston C. Boston D. Los Angeles 3. Which of the following cities is NOT located in the Northeast U.S.? A. Houston B. Baltimore C. Philadelphia D. Boston D C A,Washington D.C.,Capital Headquarters of all the branches of the American federal system: Congress (Capital Hill), the Supreme Court and the Presidency The World Bank The International Monetary Fund Lincoln Memorial,New York City (in New York),“The Big Apple”The largest city both in term of size and populationThe business and financial capital of the world.Wall StreetThe New York Stork Exchange,Los Angeles (In California),2nd most populous city a city of fantasy,known for motion-picture, aeronautics and aerospace industries,Chicago (in Illinois),Windy city; the 3rd populated cityFinancial, transportation, cultural capital of Midwestern Americathe foremost transportation hub,Houston (in Texas),The largest city in Texas;The 4th largest city in USA; “the Space City” at the forefront in space technology 60年代初，美国最大的宇航中心约翰逊宇航中心在休斯敦市建立,Philadelphia (in Pennsylvania),5th largest city in terms of populationthe birthplace of the nationThe Declaration of Independence and the Constitution were drafted here.,Detroit (in Michigan),The largest city in MichiganThe Motor City,San Francisco (in California),4th largest city in CaliforniaThe birthplace of the United Nations Organization(1945)The Chinatown of the city is one of the largest Chinese communities in the U.S.,Boston (in Massachusetts),Capital and the largest city of M.“Cradle of Liberty” “the Athens of America”,7. Major city: Major tourist attraction,Yellowstone National ParkGrand CanyonNiagara FallsGreat Salt LakeStatue of Liberty,Yellowstone National Park,The first and oldest national park in the worldthe largest wildlife preserve in the U.S.Lies in three states: Wyoming (91%), Montana (7.6%),Idaho (7.4%),Grand Canyon,one of the great natural wonders of the worldLocated in Arizona,Niagara Falls,located on the Canadian boundary between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario.,Great Salt Lake,the largest inland salt lake in North America,Statue of Liberty,Located at New York Harbor,Statue of Liberty,Statue of Liberty,Following the September 11 attacks in 2001 the statue was closed for safety and security reasons; the pedestal was reopened in 2004 and the statue in 2009, with limitations on the number of visitors allowed to ascend to the crown. Public access to the balcony surrounding the torch has been barred for safety reasons since 1916.,Statue of Liberty,Statue of Liberty with twin towers of the World Trade Center still standingin the distance on Manhattan Island (photo taken from a boat on theHudson River September 2, 2000 - almost two years before the9/11 terrorist attack) - photo by Storm Crypt on Flickr - noncommercialuse permitted with attribution / no derivative works,