托福写作科技类常用词整理一览.doc

托福写作科技类常用词整理一览 托福写作中词汇的重要性相当之高，没有充足的词汇积累考生就会面临无词可用或是重复用词的困境。下面就和大家分享托福写作词汇分类汇总 ，来欣赏一下吧。托福写作词汇分类汇总 科技类常用词整理一览非常先进的 adj. state-of-the-art尖端的 adj. cutting-edge彻底变革 vt. revolutionize自动化的 adj. automated机械化的 adj. mechanized电脑生成的 adj. computer-generated组装线 assembly line大规模生产 mass-production省钱的 adj. cost-effective/ economical深刻改变 vt. transform突破 n. breakthrough打破(传统的)界限 break boundaries无限的可能 endless possibilities发展 v.n. advance信息过剩 information overload信息爆炸 information explosion自给自足 n. self-sufficiency虚拟世界 the virtual world脱离现实 be detached from reality(电脑的)摄像头 n. webcam不可想象的 adj. inconceivable远程通讯 n. telecommunications高生产率的 adj. productive自动化 n. automation可利用的 adj. available新颖的 adj. novel耐用的 adj. durable对用户友好的，方便使用的 adj. user-friendly常规的 adj. conventional增进，提高 vt. enhance = boost加速 speed up/ accelerate生产，制造 vt. manufacture标准化的 adj. standardized印刷机 printing press电报 n. telegraph外科手术 n. surgery采用 vt. adopt在家远程上班 n. telecommuting网络银行(业务) online banking提高效率 augment/ enhance/ boost efficiency提高生产效率 augment/ enhance/ boost productivity减少人力的机器 labor-saving machinery取代人力的机器 labor-replacing machinery自动化 n. automation生物技术 n. biotechnology克隆 v. clone远程通讯 n. telecommunications太空探索 space exploration/ space probe人的基因构成 ones genetic makeup/ ones DNA programming创新 n. innovations有独创性的，精巧的 adj. ingenious以惊人的速度 at a staggering rate超轻的 adj. ultra-lightweight超薄的 adj. ultra-thin便携的 adj. portable天线 n. antenna器官移植 organ transplant心脏起搏器 n. pacemaker交易 n. transactions载人登月 manned landing on the Moon载人航天器 manned spacecraft通讯卫星 telecommunications satellite气象卫星 weather satellite/ meteorological satellite发射台 launch pad哈勃太空望远镜 the Hubble Space Telescope防弹背心 bulletproof vest尖端的技术 cutting-edge technology信息爆炸 information explosion ( or over-load)信息时代 the information age ( or era)互联网的广泛应用 the proliferation of the Internet/ the extensive use of the Internet/ the widespread use of the Internet科技创新及发展 technological innovations/ inventions/ advances/ progressions托福考试作文独立写作范文：学生是否需要起早去上学Some people think it is the best approach for students to learn if school start the day at a early time in the morning. But someone think the school should start the day at late time. Which one do you prefer? Use specific reasons and detailed examples to support your answer.题目大意：学生是否需要起早去上学。老师建议大家选择反对，即认为孩子可以晚点去上学，因为一方面可以保证孩子的休息，从而提高课堂效率，另一方面避免孩子遭遇早高峰，有助于保证好的心情，从而减少对学习的干扰。托福写作模板及参考答案：托福写作范文参考一:Many schools are planning to postpone the first class in the morning for less lateness and better educating quality. However, the schedule of late classes will cultivate students indolence, and pose many other negative effects. As a result, starting class late would not effectively reduce the rate of lateness and cannot secure the educating efficacy.Firstly, early classes in the morning will force the students to keep a disciplined life style. In order to attend the first class, students have to get up early in the morning. This habit brings many benefits. For example, young people will live a much healthier life. Keeping the schedule in mind, they would no longer dally at night before sleep, and save their time in the morning. Then, they can have a good rest in the evening and keep themselves energetic at daytime. Besides, they could also shape many of their excellent characteristics, like self-discipline or persistence. Leaving the cozy bed requires a powerful willpower when we start a new day, and doing this every day asks for a strong self-control. Both of these virtues are keys to success. And one of the well-known, Kobe Bryant, is a beneficiary of starting his day early in the morning. He once gave his secret to become the MVP in the basketball playground. It was his getting up early in the 4 AM that contributes him. In conclusion, both physical and psychological benefits can be gained by the disciplined life style led by the early classes.In addition, early start in the morning also leaves more extracurricular time for students. Earlier starting class generally results in earlier off-class. More spare time after class enables students to conduct other activities, such as further exploring in study, deepening their interests or doing some other activities. Those activities would help students to improve themselves. In spare time, students can do some practical experiments to apply knowledge into practice, which allow them to have in-depth understanding in knowledge learnt in class. Students would be also capable of learning instrument, painting or doing sports with abundant of time after class. Those extracurricular activities help students to achieve complete development. Obviously, earlier start in the morning means a longer day, providing more spare time for students to enrich their life and promote themselves in learning.Late classes, to a degree, may lower the absence rate at the beginning. This is because that students do not need to be hurry in the morning, especially for those who cannot get up early. In the long run, however, the original purpose cannot be realized effectively. The allowance of starting class later would indulge the bad habits of procrastination. Some students will tend to put off all tasks late at night, if they do not need to get up early. Staying up later would in turn make students get up later. This is a vicious circle. As a result, students biological clock will be re-adjusted, making it harder for them to get up on time. Therefore, the absence rate would be decreased again.In summary, compared to making classes late in the morning, starting the day early would bring many benefits in learning. Students would be able to maintain a healthy life physically and mentally, and to explore in study, all of which contribute to a higher quality of learning.范文参考二:In the contemporary society, the length of study time on the part of students has become one of the most hottly debated issue among the general public. When it comes to whether students should be required to arrive school at the early time in the morning, peoples notions may vary from one to another. In my eyes, starting school day at a late time is a better choice for the following reasons.To begin with, arriving school at the late time will ensure students have a good rest and thus contributes to the improvement of their study efficiency. As is common sense, the increasingly heavy study burden on the shoulder of students has squeezed their leisure time so much that their sleeping time cannot be guaranteed. As a result, with the implementation of starting school day in a late time, the quality of their rest will be improved, with the consequence that their attention will be more concentrated in class. On the contrary, shortening their rest time by requesting students begin class early will definitely produce a negative effect on their study. To be specific, it will be common to observe that students feel so sleepy as to have a short nap during the class.In addition, students who start school day in a late time will obviously avoid being stuck in traffic jam and thus have a better mood in the morning. Undoubtedly, under the drive of a cheerful frame of mind, children will raise their efficiency of study to a large extent. The experience of my cousin, Tom, can serve as a good example to shed some lights on the above reasoning. Tom, a student in a middle school of Beijing, used to be required to arrive school at 8 a.m. every morning in order to prepare better for the National Examination of College Admission. However, the problem is that according to the regulations of most companies, employees also have to start work at 8 a.m. Therefore, it is not hard to imagine that the subways, buses and taxis are crowded with people in the morning. According to Toms recounting, no one will feel good after such a experience, let alone immediately devoting him/herself to study.Taking what has been discussed into consideration, we can draw the conclusion that it is wise to require student to arrive school at a late time in the morining, in order to ensure the quality of their rest and develop a light heart.范文参考三:Have you experienced struggling with your pillow every morning? Have you ever choked with the traffic jams in the rush hour? Have you ever felt sleepy in the first class? No matter what scientific evidence shows us the advantages of having class early, there is a new research from Mark Fischettiof Scientific America convince us that students efficiency can be improved by going to school later. I totally agree with the statement for its beneficial for both of students and teachers.First, students efficiency can be elevated. Under the excessive burden, students always stay up late and thats why their sleep time has been shrunk. If they are forced to get up early, their whole day will be windy. Thus, students would waste the most substantial content of study, nevertheless, students would be more fresh and have concentrations on the class. According to Kyla Wahlstrom, director of the Center for Applied Research and Educational Improvement at the University of Minnesota. She made a research in Minnesota February that tracked 9000 students in eight public high schools in Minnesota, Colorado and Wyoming. After one semester, when school began at 8:35 a.m. or later, grades earned in math, English, science and social studies typically rose a quarter stepfor example, up halfway from B to B+. This conclusion perfectly convinces everyone that students should get up later.Second, we should follow students biological system. Adolescents physiology has greatly altered from their childhood because of melatonin. The later the delay, the greater the payoff.Following their biological change can make them healthy and wealthy. Take me as an example, as a teacher, most of my students would like to finish their homework and chat with friend until the mid night. They cant control their biological clock, which makes they fell very sleepy in the first class. Moreover the rate of being on duty is lower compared with other time periods.Third, traffic problems can be released. One should know that big cities have the traffic jams all the time, which makes students choked with the road and cant get rid of it. Moreover, students who live far away from the school are hurry to get catch up with the early classes. If schools postpone their time to be later, it will help them stagger the rush time of traffic. Nevertheless, students would start their study restlessly, which influences their mood not mention to the study efficiency. A study in 20XX from California public schools shows that students can avoid transportation problems by changing their class time. What more, their literature and math scores are higher on the average.To conclude, getting up early and attend class are good for both of students and teachers. I suggest that school should postpone their class time and improve students efficiency.素材补充(选自：果壳网)：(Mark Fischetti/文，IvyP/译)我们都有过早上起来与被窝作斗争，最后不得不睡眼惺忪地去上学的经历。这种现象可不是中国特有的大洋对岸的美国家长、学生还有老师们也时常争论，中学的上课时间是不是太早了。而在过去的3年间有越来越多的研究表明，推迟上课时间有助提高学习的效果，并且上课时间越晚越好。生物学研究显示，人在幼童时期倾向于早睡早起;而当人步入青少年时期后，昼夜节律会发生改变，导致青少年睡得更晚，起得也更晚。这种改变是由大脑内褪黑素的变化引起的，这一过程大约开始于13岁，在15到16岁明显增强，而在17到19岁时达到高峰。那么这个现象会对学习效果产生影响吗?根据明尼苏达大学应用研究与教育改进中心主任凯拉瓦尔斯特隆今年2月发表的论文，答案是肯定的。她跟踪调查了在明尼苏达州、科罗拉多州和怀俄明州的8所公立中学里就读的9000多名学生。结果发现，如果上课时间调整到早上8：35或者更晚，一个学期之后，学生们的数学、英语、科学和社会学成绩普遍提高了1/4个等级，例如从B提高到了B与B+的中间位置。另有两篇由瓦尔斯特隆评议但还未发表的研究论文也获得了相似的结论。在美国空军学院进行的一项对照实验也验证了这一结论，因为在大学一年级时不同组的学员开始上课的时间不同。此外，20XX年一项研究显示，由于交通问题导致北卡罗来纳州不同地区的学校上课时间不同，结果上课时间较晚的学校，学生的数学和阅读成绩较高。还有其它研究表明，推迟上课时间可以提高出勤率，以及减少青少年抑郁和交通事故的发生率。这些都因为晚点上课可以让青少年获得更充足的睡眠。多项研究表明，与把上课时间从早上7:15调到7:45的学校相比，上课时间从7:30改为8:00的学校里的学生的学习成绩有更大幅度的提高。来自巴西、意大利和以色列的研究也获得了相似的结论。之所以上课时间推迟会获得这些好处，其关键是青少年保证了至少8个小时的充足睡眠，而如果能达到9小时就更好了。相比之下，在欧洲，很少有中学会在上午9点以前开始上课。不支持推迟上课时间的人们曾担心这样会影响学生的正常作息。不过结果表明，学生们在进行课余活动或是兼职工作时，并没有受到上课时间改变的影响。研究结果甚至对校车接送问题也提供了更好的解决办法。许多学校都是先接中学生上学，然后再接小学生，而将这一顺序调换可以让高中生们的上学时间推迟。这样做除了可以让他们受益之外，对他们的弟弟妹妹们也有好处有研究表明幼儿在早晨更清醒，更愿意学习。