雅思写作 句子写作ppt课件.pptx

雅思写作句子写作,By Jimmy Xu,本课纲要,1. 句子的成分2. 句子的类型3. 句子的扩展4. 快速学习从句5. 高分语法手段,一个引入,Jimmy loves Sanya.怎样根据它写出一个漂亮的长句？,01/,句子的成分,主语,主语是句子要说明的人或事物。英语句子的主语比较花哨，可以由名词、代词、动名词（v+ing）、动词不定式（to+ v）、what从句、that从句、how从句等组成。 注意：动词原形不能作主语。,All doctors and nurses should get vaccinated against the H1N1 flu.Smoking is a personal choice rather than a moral issue（道德的问题）.Being Physically active can reduce stress levels and lower blood pressure.Supporting children with mentors and after-school programs will give these children opportunities and guidance that they might not receive otherwise.,It is hard to reach a consensus（意见一致） on this affair.In the holiday season, Its advisable to（应该去做某事） book seats at least one week in advance.It is well documented（有详细记录的） that college students tend to gain weight and suffer from many stress-related illnesses because of the strong pressure on them.,谓语,谓语说明主语的动作、状态或特征。与主语的花哨不同，谓语只能由动词构成。In this day and age, an increasing number of people agree that gambling is an unwholesome hobby.There are certainly gangers in taking time off at that important age.,宾语,宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后。能做宾语的有名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式、that从句、what从句、how从句等。即什么成分能做主语，什么成分就能做宾语。注意：还有另外一种特殊宾语，就是当动词是 be时，后面的名词或形容词又叫做表语。,Junk food undermines（破坏） peoples health.Studies reveal（显示） that there is a definite link（密切的联系） between obesity（肥胖症） and serious diseases such as heart attacks.What we should do is to tell children how to think instead of how to memorize（记忆） things.,定语,修饰名词的成分叫定语。常见的定语是形容词，还有一种用句子来修饰名词的定语，即定语从句。 In recent years, the internet has been gaining in popularity at an amazing rate.Those who have spent some time earning a living or traveling to other places, have a broader view of life.,状语,可修饰动词，形容词或者全句由副词，介词短语，分词短语或者动词不定式构成。Outdoor activities can greatly improve our health.Like self-awareness, this is also hard to achieve.,补语,所谓补语，在雅思写作中主要表现形式为宾补： v. + n. + n. /adj. 中的n. /adj. 部分宾补结构一般用来补充说明以下动词后面的宾语： find/make/render,The graduates find the job market frustrating because of the economic recession.Some individuals are concerned the internet will render international tourism obsolete（过时的）.Many retailers（零售商） are worried that the upcoming new models will make these tablets（平板电脑） outdated.People with allergies（过敏） are super-sensitive to things that most people find harmless, including pollen from plants, dust and food.,同位语,Shopping, a necessary part of daily life, is increasingly time-consuming due to the multiplied options available to consumers.同位语就是名词的后面跟一个小短语，解释说明这个名词，体现的是一种下定义或者列举的功能。,In fact, the Fed is not confined by the usual check and balances that apply to the three official branches of government the executive, the legislative and the judicial（行政、立法和司法，美国的三权分立机制）.,一个引入,Jimmy loves Sanya.主语+谓语+宾语,02/,句子的类型,简单句,简单句表达的信息简单，但又很明确。Tips: 当你写了一串儿长句的时候，一个明确信息的简单句会让你的文章更加有生机。The failure of the aspiration of the 1960s has led, in the decade since then, to perhaps the most self-centered Dream in American Society.,并列句,并列句结构：主谓宾+主谓宾，中间用and/but/or将它们串联起来。Their perspective（视角） would be narrow and they would not be able to exchange views with others.The smokers maybe segregated（隔离） in a different area, but the smoke itself will drift into the nonsmoking side of the restaurant.,复杂句,复杂句的核心结构仍然是：主谓宾+主谓宾，但它与并列句的区别在于：句子开头或者中间的连词用更了加复杂的连词。写好最基础的复杂句（即一个主谓宾再加一个主谓宾，其中没有连词的主谓宾叫主句，用一个连词引出的主谓宾叫从句）才是雅思作文最核心的造句能力。,In America, people who believe in hegemony(霸权) increasingly turn to military force when their economic power begin to wane(减退).These survey findings may understate the crisis in Iraq as the social structure in that country begins to break down.It would be a mistake though, to imagine that a Democratic(注意当首字母D大写时通常是指美国民主党的) administration would be any different.,一个引入,Jimmy loves Sanya.简单句（一套主谓宾）,3.句子的扩展,1. 添加修饰成分2. 添加并列成分3. 构成并列句4. 使用现在分词短语，不定式短语和名词性从句做主语，宾语或表语等,1. 添加修饰成分,如形容词、副词、不定式短语、分词短语、介词短语、定语从句、状语从句等,1. 添加修饰成分,1. Mary was a (n) _ girl.（形容词）2. She smiled _ . (副词）3. Tom liked her _ . （ 副词）4. He gave her a picture _（定语从句）5. She put the picture on the wall _ （状语从句）,2. 添加并列成分,Mary was a beautiful and girl . Tom and liked her very much. They soon became good friends. On Marys birthday, Tom gave her a picture and She smiled happily , them and put the picture on the wall.,3. 构成并列句,Jack was rich. He had his own company. He made a fortune. He bought Mary a diamond ring. Neither Jack nor Tom knew what Mary thought. During that night before Marys birthday, Jack had a dream in which he asked Mary to marry him . During the same night ,Tom couldnt get to sleep until he finished drawing the picture of Mary from his memory.,3. 构成并列句,Jack was rich, he had his own company made a fortune, he bought Mary a diamond ring, neither Jack nor Tom knew what Mary thought. During that night before Marys birthday, Jack had a dream in which he asked Mary to marry him Tom couldnt get to sleep until he finished drawing the picture of Mary from his memory.,4. 添加成分构成主宾表,使用现在分词短语，不定式短语和名词性从句构成主语，宾语或表语1. What we have not achieved is becoming rich.2. To see is to believe, thus you should focus on the fact.3. The computer is not what plays the role in middle school education.,一个引入,Jimmy loves Sanya.,一个引入,Jimmy loves Sanya.Jimmy and Cecilia (并列成分) both love and frequently（副词） visit（并列成分） Sanya, a beautiful bay city in South China（同位语）.,4. 快速学习各种从句,雅思写作评分标准中，语法多样性与准确性7分的要求是，使用多种多样的从句。4种以上的从句才是多种多样的。因此我们要在自己的作文中，有意识地去使用各种从句,快速学习六种从句,1. 宾语从句Many people believe that we have developed into a “throw-away society”.While there are both benefits and drawbacks to a multicultural society, it is safe to say that pros outweigh the cons.Traditionally, the approach has been to punish criminals by placing them in prisons to pay for what they have been done.,2. 状语从句,If 引导的条件状语从句If a student wants to learn about job-specific information, they do not need to sit in a classroom to get it.If a person loses a job but can get assistance, or a minority still has an equal opportunity of success, then we can say this country is advanced.Many medications and procedures currently in use would not exist if animals testing was banned.,2. 状语从句,While引导的让步状语从句1. While people traditionally prioritize caring, sharing and generosity in life and work, modern people seem to be more self-absorbing and self-concerned.2. While the economic development has made our life more comfortable, it also has polarize the society in the distribution of wealth.3. While traditional buildings might look nice from outside, they are often not very user-friendly.,3. 定语从句,Who引导，修饰人1. Those who feel that sports stars salaries are justified might argue that the number of professionals with real talent are very few.2. Students without teachers will surely be lost; but students who simply rely on teachers for knowledge are not really learning.3. Children who enter school at an early age are generally more confident and independent than children who stay at home with their parents.,3. 定语从句,That引导，修饰物1. Likewise, economics is a fundamental discipline that allows societies to be stable and move forward.2. The workload that could take months to finish by manual labor could be done flawlessly by robots in minutes.3. How to handle criminals is a problem that all countries and societies face.4. Advertisement is an effective marketing tool that almost every company uses.,3. 定语从句,逗号后加which引导，修饰前面整个句子（非限制性定语从句）1. If fuel prices go up, either fewer people will drive or people will drive less, which makes sense for reducing pollution.2. Demand for various commodities creates a huge market for the local and international businesses, which in turn increase demand for the labor market.3. Governments should develop and launch a good traffic control system, which can monitor and facilitate traffic flows on major roads for better and safer road usage, reducing the chances of accidents.,4. 主语从句,Whether引导的主语从句1. Whether mobile phones bring more harm than good to us has caused heated debate.2. Whether the increase of fuel price can solve the worlds environmental problem is a controversial issue.3. Whether universities should provide students with practical skills or academic knowledge is a controversial issue.,4. 主语从句,先行词it开始的主语从句1. It is obvious that we are living in an information age.2. It is obvious that investing in education is investing in ones future.3. It is obvious that human activities have greatest impact on environment.,4. 主语从句,What引导的主语从句+notbut搭配1. What governments should do is to create policies to encourage low carbon development.2. What most companies and workforces need is not robots, but creative people who can contribute ideas.3. What the poor countries need most is not money, but advanced technologies and talents in some key areas.,5. 同位语从句,1. Nowadays, an increasing number of people are concerned about the phenomenon that our kids are spending more time watching TV.2. I agree with the view that not only governments but every single citizen should do ones part to fix this problem.3. The fact that we have different languages demonstrates that we have different cultures.,6. 表语从句,1. This means that change is not always a personal option, but an inescapable fact of life.2. This is because it is the rich and powerful people in our society who are able to impose changes.3. Another reason for this is that old buildings, like native language, from a cultural identity and keep a unique record of a country.,课堂练习,请翻译以下句子，并使用三种从句他们不知道的是，全球范围内禁止化学武器已经是一个国际公认的议题了,参考答案,What they do not know is that it is a universally acknowledged issue that chemical weapons are forbidden worldwide.,一个引入,Jimmy and Cecilia both love and frequently visit Sanya, a beautiful bay city in South China.,一个引入,When we talk about traveling(状语从句), Jimmy and Cecilia , who are model couple（定语从句）, both love and frequently visit what the Chinese National Geographic called the South Sea Pearl（宾语从句）, Sanya, a beautiful bay city in South China.,05/,高分语法手段,写作中动词的三种变化形式插入语：简化句子的利器物称主语：句子地道的符号状语前置,01.动词的三种变化形式之一,非谓语动词动词不作谓语而作为其他形式He looked at his watch, and he saw that it was one oclock.Looking at his watch, he saw that it was one oclock.,He was armed with a torch, and the vicar went up into the clock tower to see what was going on.,热身练习1,He was armed with a torch, and the vicar went up into the clock tower to see what was going on. Armed with a torch, the vicar went up into the clock tower to see what was going on.,热身练习1,Before he returned home at night, he took a shower and changed back into his suit.,热身练习2,Before he returned home at night, he took a shower and changed back into his suit. Before returning home at night, he took a shower and changed back into his suit.,热身练习2,After he gazed at the display for several minutes, Mr. Taylor went back into his shop.,热身练习3,After he gazed at the display for several minutes, Mr. Taylor went back into his shop. After gazing at the display for several minutes, Mr. Taylor went back into his shop.,热身练习3,进阶练习01主语一致的分词作状语,她手捧一束鲜花，向儿子挥手告别，望着儿子远去的身影，两行热泪夺眶而出。Tips:可参照再别康桥的诗句翻译,轻轻的我我走了，正如我轻轻的来；我轻轻的招手，作别西天的云彩。 Very quietly I take my leave，As quietly as I came here;Quietly I wave good-bye，To the rosy clouds in the western sky.,她手捧一束鲜花，向儿子挥手告别，望着儿子远去的身影，两行热泪夺眶而出。 Holding a bunch of flowers in her hands, she was waving her son goodbye, seeing him off and reducing to tears.,进阶练习01主语一致的分词作状语,就在你接电话时，孩子把桌布从桌子上扯了下来，将家中最好的陶瓷餐具(crockery) 半数砸碎，同时也弄伤了他自己。,进阶练习01主语一致的分词作状语,就在你接电话时，孩子把桌布从桌子上扯了下来，将家中最好的陶瓷餐具(crockery) 半数砸碎，同时也弄伤了他自己。 While you are on the phone, the baby pulls the table-cloth off the table, smashing half your best crockery and hurting himself in the process.,进阶练习01主语一致的分词作状语,A young girl was standing alone at the corner of the street .She seemed waiting for someone.She held a fashionable purse in her hands.,进阶练习01主语一致的分词作状语,A young girl was standing alone at the corner of the street .She seemed waiting for someone.She held a fashionable purse in her hands. Standing alone at the corner of the street, a young girl seemed waiting for someone with a fashionable purse in her hands.,进阶练习01主语一致的分词作状语,A boy sat in the middle of the room .He looked anxious.He put his left hand in his pocket.,进阶练习01主语一致的分词作状语,A boy sat in the middle of the room .He looked anxious.He put his left hand in his pocket.Sitting in the middle of the room, a boy looked anxious, with his left hand put in his pocket.,进阶练习01主语一致的分词作状语,He hobbled into the room.His hair was unkempt and dirty.His clothes were stained and tattered.His toes were sticking out of his shoes.,进阶练习02主语不一致的分词作状语,He hobbled into the room.His hair was unkempt and dirty.His clothes were stained and tattered.His toes were sticking out of his shoes.He hobbled into the room, hair unkempt and dirty, clothes stained and tattered, and toes sticking out of his shoes.,进阶练习02主语不一致的分词作状语,More Examples,I am just a boy, standing in front of a girl and asking her to love me. Seeing that he was very poor, she decided to leave him.,过去的22年里，她都独自一人生活，苦苦思索生命的含义。Living alone for the past twenty-two years, she pondered bitterly upon the meaning of life. 因为在卧室呆了一整天，他想出去呼吸下新鲜空气。Having stayed in the bedroom for a whole day, he wanted to go outside for some fresh air. 我耸耸肩走开了。Shrugging my shoulders, I began to walk away.,More Examples,进阶例句文言文翻译,臣本布衣, 躬耕於南阳，苟全性命于乱世，不求闻达于诸侯。,臣本布衣, 躬耕於南阳，苟全性命于乱世，不求闻达于诸侯。I began as a common man, toiling in my fields in Nanyang, doing what I could to keep my body and soul together in age of disorder and taking no interest in making a name for myself among the lords of the realms.,进阶例句文言文翻译,动词的介词化学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆,01.动词的三种变化形式之二,学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆Learning without thinking leads to confusion; thinking without learning ends in danger.,常用短语：At the idea of/at the smell of/at the touch of/at the news of/in the hope of她只要想到他，脸就发红。She blushed at the idea of him.当听说Jay要来的时候，整个城镇夹道欢迎。At the news of Jays coming, the whole town lined the streets to welcome.他为儿子请了三位教师，希望看儿子在不远的将来能成功。He hired three private tutors for his son in the hope of his sons success in the near future.,动词的名词化在描述某状态或事件时，中心描述词应多转换成名词形式。In his day, Mendoza was tremendously popular.,01.动词的三种变化形式之三,Be tremendously popular Enjoy tremendous popularity,Emphasize ContributeUnderstandTo objectTo criticizeplace emphasis on make a great contribution to to have a better understanding ofto have a strong objection to to be open to criticism,More Examples,02. 插入语：简化句子的利器,众所周之，这位新上任的总统对舆论反应不灵敏。It has been known that the new president is insensitive to public opinion. The new president, as it has come to be known, is insensitive to public opinion.医生断定，恋爱有益于身心健康。Having a love affair, the doctor concludes, benefits a man physically and mentally.,03. 物称主语：句子地道的符号,我们通过调查得出了这个结论。Via/ through investigation, we can come to the conclusion. The investigation leads us to the conclusion. 仔细比较你将能够发现两者间的不同。Through careful comparison, we can come to the conclusion.The careful comparison will show us the differences between the two.,他气的说不出话来。He is so angry that he choked. Anger choked his words. 我们已经把这件事忘的差不多了。This event is now almost fading away from our memory.我突然有了个主意。An idea suddenly occurred to me. An idea f