动词和动词短语ppt课件.ppt

1/85,第七节,动词和动词短语,2/85,3/85,实义动词又称行为动词, 是具有实实在在意义能单独作谓语的动词。实义动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。及物动词后需带宾语意义才完整, 如：buy, catch, invent, like, say等。不及物动词后不需或不能接宾语, 如：live, agree, look, listen, come, rise等。,4/85,3,一、动词的类别,指出下列句子的动词分别属哪一类？1. He lives in the city of Changsha.2. He enjoys singing very much.3. This meeting seems very important for us.4. Its getting colder and colder. I want to get a coat.5. I have never watched such a wonderful match.6. Yesterday we had a very important meeting.7. Must I stay here till he comes back?8. Would you like another cup of tea?,5/85,3,一、动词的类别,系动词有一定的词义, 但不完整, 必须和作表语的形容词、名词、介词短语、副词及非谓语动词一起连用。如以上3、4小题。系动词分为两类：一类表示状态或存在, 如：be, remain, seem, appear, keep, look, smell, taste, sound, feel, prove, stay, lie, stand, sit等。另一类表示状态变化, 如：go, come, turn, get, become, fall等。,6/85,3,一、动词的类别,顾名思义助动词是用来帮助动词表现语法现象, 如：否定、疑问、时态、语态等。如一般现在时的助动词是do, does; 一般过去时为did。,7/85,3,二、动词短语,8/85,3,二、动词短语,(1) 向上(toward or into a higher position)lift / hold / put up 举起 pick up 捡起grow up 长大 send up 使上升rise up 升起 look up 抬起头take up 拿起, 开始从事 build up 树立set up 建立,1. up,9/85,3,二、动词短语,(2) 完成, 结束(expressing completeness and finality)finish up 完成 drink up 喝干eat up 吃光 burn up 烧光use up 用光 fill up 装满sum up 总结 dry up 枯竭, 干涸swallow up 吞没 beat up 痛打break up 结束, 分解,1. up,10/85,3,二、动词短语,(3) 分开, 消灭(expressing separation and destroy)break up 拆开, 驱散 cut up 切碎split up 分裂 divide up 分割smash up 捣毁 blow up 炸毁tear up 撕碎 give up 放弃,1. up,11/85,3,二、动词短语,(4) 增加, 变强(to a state of greater activity, force, strength, power and degree)turn up 调高, 开大, 出现 shake up 震惊warm up 兴奋, 热身 speak up 大声说heat up 变热 speed up 加速build up 增大, 增进 cheer up 振作起来,1. up,12/85,3,二、动词短语,(5) 变好, 改善(as to be better and proper)bring up 抚育 check up 核对clear up 清理, 天晴 clean / tidy up 整理do up 整理 polish up 擦亮, 改进light up 点亮 make up 化妆, 和解, 弥补,1. up,13/85,3,二、动词短语,(6) 关住, 锁紧, 固定住(firmly, tightly and closely)shut / lock / chain 关闭(锁住)fasten up 系住 keep up 坚持block up 堵塞 choke up 堵塞save / store up 存起来 hold up 延误,1. up,14/85,3,二、动词短语,(7) 向说话人的方向(to the place where the speaker is)go up, run up, rush up, walk up, march up, come up, drive up, swim up 走(跑、冲、开车)上前来,1. up,15/85,3,二、动词短语,(1) 向下的位置(to or into a lower position)cut down砍倒 hand down 传下来knock down 撞倒 lay down 放下pull down 拉下 blow down 吹倒bring down 打倒,2. down,16/85,3,二、动词短语,(2) 减少(强度, 量和体积) (a decrease in intensity, amount, bulk)die down 变弱, 逐渐停止 hold down 压低burn down (火)减弱, 烧坏 / 掉slow down 慢下来 bring down 降低,2. down,17/85,3,二、动词短语,(3) 停止, 减弱(to a state of less activity, force, strength and power)close down 关闭 break down 坏了, 崩溃settle down 平静下来 cool down 冷静下来turn down 拒绝 die down 停止, 渐渐消失lay sb. down 使失望 put down 镇压,2. down,18/85,3,二、动词短语,(4) 写下, 记下(on paper or in writing)write / put / copy / note / take down 记下,2. down,19/85,3,二、动词短语,(1) 继续(continuously)carry on drive on fight on hold on keep on live on sing on walk on go on hurry on move on read on,3. on,20/85,3,二、动词短语,(2) 连上, 固定住(in or into a state of being connected)act on 对起作用 come on 跟随fasten on 纠缠, 抓牢 turn switch / on 打开put on 穿上 hang on 不挂断depend / rely / count on 依靠take on 呈现(take on a new look呈现新面貌),3. on,21/85,3,二、动词短语,(3) 开始某活动 (in or into an active operation)bring on 引起 look on 旁观, 观看call on 拜访 plan on 打算decide on 对作出决定reflect on 思考, 反思remark on 评论, 议论,3. on,22/85,3,二、动词短语,(1) 离开(indicating departure)blow off 吹掉 drive off 击退see off 送行 send off 送行, 解雇call off 叫走, 取消 take off 起飞, 脱衣carry off 夺走 knock off 击倒, 敲掉,4. off,23/85,3,二、动词短语,(2) 去掉, 断开(indicating removal or disconnection)cut off 切断 tear off 扯掉shut / switch / turn off 关掉wear off 磨损 go off 爆炸break off 中断,4. off,24/85,3,二、动词短语,(3) 完成, 停止(indicating completion)finish off 结束 pay off 付清wear off 消失, 逐渐减弱write off 注销, 购销lay off 停止, 解雇,4. off,25/85,3,二、动词短语,(1) 进入, 向里(into, inside, indoors)break in 闯入, 插嘴 drop in 偶然拜访get in 插入, 收进 lead in 导入let in 进入, 嵌入 draw / pull in (火车)进站involve in 卷入,5. in,26/85,3,二、动词短语,(2) 包围, 关闭(to be surrounded, or enclosed)close in 包围, 封闭 lock in 禁闭shut in 关进 wall in 围住,5. in,27/85,3,二、动词短语,(3) 加入, 记入(to be added, or included)book in 登记 check in 签到count in 记入 fill in 填入hand in 交上 take in 吸收send in 呈交,5. in,28/85,3,二、动词短语,(1) 向外 (away from the inside, outside)keep out 使在外 take / bring out 拿出put out 放出, 伸出 come out 长出lay out 摆开, 展示 stick out 伸出dine out 外出吃饭 let out 放出, 释放,6. out,29/85,3,二、动词短语,(2) 结束, 消失, 取消(to or at an end, not to be there or not to exist)burn out 烧尽, 烧断 put out 扑灭 run out 用完give out 耗尽 wipe out 消灭 die out 灭绝carry out 完成, 执行 leave out 省去 go out 熄灭cut / cross out 删去, 停止 old out 坚持到底 sell out 卖完 tire / wear out 筋疲力尽,6. out,30/85,3,二、动词短语,(3) 大声 (in a loud voice, aloud)sing out cry out shout outcall out speak out scream outread out yell out burst out 喊, 申斥,6. out,31/85,3,二、动词短语,(4) 分发, 传开 (to a number of people or in all directions)give / hand out 分发 spread out 传开start / set out 出发 break out 爆发drop out 离开, 退出,6. out,32/85,3,二、动词短语,(5) 搞清, 弄明白 (in or into notice and clearness)find out 找出 figure out 算出, 解决make out 弄清 count out 点清come out 出版, 出现 bring out 发表, 说出fill out 使完全, 添满,6. out,33/85,3,二、动词短语,(1) 翻过来 (downwards from an upright position)knock over 撞倒turn over 翻转fall over 脸朝下跌倒bend over 俯身,7. over,34/85,3,二、动词短语,(2) 自始至终, 通过, 重复 (from beginning to end, through, again and again)look over 调查, 检查 think over 考虑see over 查看 talk over 商量read over 读一遍 go over 复习,7. over,35/85,3,二、动词短语,(3) 向上, 向外 (indicating motion upwards or outwards)run over 溢出spill over 溢出boil over 因沸腾溢出,7. over,36/85,3,二、动词短语,(4) 越过, 经过 (from one side to the other, across a space or distance) jump over 跳过 climb over 爬过 come over 过来 go over 过来 swim over 游过 walk over 走过 move over 移过 fly over飞过,7. over,37/85,3,二、动词短语,(5) 转变, 改变 (indicating transference and change)hand over 移交take over 接管get over 战胜, 克服gain / win over 争取过来switch over 转交,7. over,38/85,3,二、动词短语,(6) 由于 (because of)cry over 因哭laugh over 因笑,7. over,39/85,3,二、动词短语,(1) 离开 (to a distance, to another place)take away 拿走 carry away 运走break away 逃脱 pass away 消失, 逝世(2) 减少, 减弱 (indicating loss, lessening, weakening)burn away 烧尽 brush away 刷掉die away 消失 melt away 融化,8. away,40/85,3,二、动词短语,(3) 分开 (indicating separation, apart)cut away 切掉 give away 赠送put away 抛弃, 收好,8. away,41/85,42/85,1. hold on to 抓住, 握住; 不放弃, 保留Hold on to the hat on a windy day. (抓住)You shouldnt hold on to your share. (不放弃)2. put away 收起来, 放在惯常保存之处; 储蓄, 积累; 放弃; 监禁Please put your books / toys away. (收起来)We should put away money for our old age. (积累)He had to put away all ideas of becoming a pianist. (放弃)He was acting so strangely that he had to be put away. (监禁),43/85,3. pick up 捡起; 通过; 掌握一门技术、语言等; 身体的康复; 搭载; 收拾, 整理Pick up your hat and parcels. (捡起)I picked up these songs from my sister when I was a child. (学到)You will pick up soon when you get to the seaside. (康复)He stopped his car to pick up a young girl who was hitch-hiking across Europe. (搭载)The room must be picked up before my mother arrives. (收拾),44/85,4. call for 邀约, 拿取; 需要, 要求; 为争取而叫喊Ill call for you at 6:00. (接)You must take such steps as seem to be called for. (要求)This job calls for patience. (需要)5. turn out 生产;出产;结果(常与to, that连用)We are to turn out 100,000 computers next year to meet the market requirements. (生产)Things turned out to be exactly as the professor had foreseen. (结果),45/85,6. get along 过活, 生活; 进展; 相处I cant get along without money. (生活)How is he getting along with his French study? (进展)He gets along very well with his boss. (相处)e up 长出地面; (被)提出; 社会地位的高升, 出头; 符合, 达到The seeds havent come up yet. (长出地面)He couldnt come up with an appropriate answer just at the time. (想出)He came up by the hard way. (出头)The rules come up to standard. (符合),46/85,8. keep up 跟上, 不落后; 保持联系; 振作, 不低落; 遵循,沿袭; 维护You must make great efforts to keep up with your classmates. (跟上)Try to keep up with the old friends far away. (保持联系)Keep up your spirits. (振作)People in the west of China want to keep up the old customs. (沿袭)How much does it cost to keep up your large house and garden? (维护),47/85,9. give out 分发; 用尽, 耗尽; 公布(消息)Give out the books. (分发)Our food supplies began to give out. (用尽)The horse gave out. (耗尽)It was given out that Mary would be the leading actress. (公布),48/85,10. go off 发射, 响起; 停止运行, 中断; 变坏; 进展The alarm went off when the thief got in. (响)The heating goes off at night. (停止运行)The light went off. (停止)Her voice is going off. (变坏)We were told that the performance had gone off splendidly.(进展),49/85,11. bring up 抚养, 养育; 接受教育; 呕吐出来; 提出来His parents died when he was a baby and he was brought up by his aunt. (抚养)He was brought up to respect authorities. (接受教育)He felt sick and brought up lunch. (呕吐)There are questions that you can bring up at the meeting. (提出来),50/85,12. put up 升起, 举起; 建立或设立; 提高或增加; 提出; 安排食宿Many tall buildings have been put up in my hometown. (建立)My landlords threatening to put up the rent by 50 yuan a month. (增加)He put up a proposal at the meeting yesterday. (提出)They put up at an inn for the night. (住宿),51/85,13. make out 设法应付; 了解, 理解; 声称How did he make out while his wife was away? (设法应付What a strange person she is! I cant make her out at all. (了解)He made out that he had been robbed. (声称)14. turn off 截断, 关掉; 离开某条路而走另一条路；使厌烦, 不喜欢对方turn off the light / gas / oven / tapWe turned off into a narrow street. (拐入)It really turned me off to see you biting your nails. (使厌烦),52/85,15. set off 动身; 引起; 使爆炸; 衬托They set off for the first bus early this morning. (动身)The old photos sets off my homesick. (引起)The burning cigarette set off an explosion. (使爆炸)The smart sunglasses set off my face very much. (衬托),53/85,16.get through 接通; 通过(考试); 看完; 花光The operator finally got me through. (接通)If you had worked hard, you would have got through the exam. (通过)I got through the book in three hours. (看完)They got through a million dollars in less than five years. (花光),54/85,17. go through 浏览; (议案, 法律) 被通过; 经历; 仔细检查I went through the book and found nothing new.(浏览)The new law didnt go through. (通过)I admire the way she keeps up high spirits after all she has gone through. (经历)Lets go through your pocket again! (仔细检查),55/85,18. clear up 解释, 解答; 收拾, 整理; (天气)转晴The police hasnt cleared up the murder case yet. (解释)Dont expect me to clear up for you all the time. (收拾)I hope the weather will clear up before Friday. (转晴),56/85,Shops should remain open till later in the evening. _ After the big fire, almost nothing remained. _The book proves to be very useful to me. _ He proved his courage in the time of danger. _,商店应该一直营业到深夜。(系动词),大火后, 几乎没剩下任何东西。(实义动词),这本书证明对我十分有用。(系动词),在危急关头他证明了他的勇气。(实义动词),57/85,Your idea sounds a good one. _ You must sound the fire alarm once you find a fire. _Your hands feel cold. _ The doctor felt my pulse. _ I felt angry to hear the news. _,你的主意听起来不错。(系动词),一旦发现火情, 你一定要拉响警报。(实义动词),你的手摸起来冰凉。(系动词),医生把了我的脉。(实义动词),听到这个消息我感到很愤怒。 (实义动词),58/85,The milk tastes too sweet._ If you want to know the taste of the pear, you should taste one for yourself. _Rice is grown in the south while wheat is grown in the north._ The trees planted on the hill five years ago are now growing strong and tall. _,这牛奶尝起来太甜了。(系动词),这如果你想知道梨子的味道, 你得亲口尝一尝。(实义动词),南方种水稻而北方种小麦。 (实义动词),五年前栽在山上的树现在长得又高又壮。(系动词),59/85,It is getting darker and we have to get there before 8:30. _She turned red when I turned round to look at her. _,天渐渐黑了(系动词)，我们必须8：30到达那儿。(实义动词),当我转身（实义动词）看她时她脸红了(系动词) 。,60/85,I can hardly _ the difference between the two words.What did you _ just now? I didnt catch it.Would you _ slowly? I cant follow you.What are you _ about? Dont always_behind others backs.He _ at the meeting yesterday and_one whole hour, but Im sorry _tohe_nothing.I dont know much about the restaurant, but its _ to be quite a good one.,speak , say , tell , talk,tell,say,speak,talking,talk,spoke,talked,say,said,said,5. 他昨天在会上发了言并且讲了整整一个小时, 但我遗憾地说他没讲什么(有用的东西)。say 强调所说的内容。,61/85,I _ you will write me back soon.How I _ I had studied hard at school!Ive finally got the job I _ . But the job is far more challenging than I _ .Dont _ too much of me. I cant live up with your expectations.We _ each other the best of luck in the examination.,wish , hope , expect , desire,hope,wish,desired,expected,expect,wish,10.expect much of sb. 对某人寄予很大希望。,62/85,I asked him to _ me a few minutes so that I could have a word with him.He did the job one third the time it _ me._ more time on your study, young man! Its a shame to waste time playing games.Hell never forget the accident which _ him two fingers.,spend , spare , take , afford , cost , pay,spare,took,Spend,cost,13. 他做那工作只用了我所花的时间的三分之一。,15. cost sb. sth. 令 / 使某人失去某物如生命、健康等。,63/85,You should _ me if you want me to carry the luggage for you.As director of the company, I can t _ three weeks away from work.,spend , spare , take , afford , cost , pay,pay,afford,64/85,Father will not _ us to touch anything in his room when he is away.Taking a careful aim at the big fish, the fisherman _ the harpoon go and it hit the spot.If time _ , Ill go to the airport to see you off.Youre the leader. Its up to you to _ your group members working.You asked Tom to tidy up the office. But he _ it done.,Have , let , get , allow , permit,allow,let,permits,get,had,21. get sb. doing让某人干起来。,22. have sth. done 使某事让别人完成。,65/85,I can _you to the railway station in my car.The young man asked to be_to work in the West.Sorry. I forgot to_my essay. Ill_it right away.These boxes are too heavy for your mother, youd better_them for her.,Send , fetch , bring , take , carry,take,sent,bring,fetch,carry,66/85,I_ my key in the office and Ill have to fetch it._yourself and think of someone else for a change.Lets get back to work. Theres still much work_for us to do.30.Whether their marriage will last long or not_to be seen.,Forget, leave, remain,left,Forget,left(remaining),remains,67/85,Do you know the girl_a red coat?Its getting cold. Youd better_your overcoat.You must have been in a hurry, for youre_your sweater inside out.You cant go out. Look! You_your slippers.,dress in, have on, wear, put on,dressed in(wearing),put on,wearing,have on,68/85,The shop assistant_Mary buy the blue skirt.He is so determined that no one can_him to change his mind. The doctor_my father to eat less and do more exercise.,Suggest, advice, persuade,suggests(suggested),persuade,advised,69/85,The students in our schoolto wear school uniforms.Ihim to help me, but he refused.The policemenhis name and address.I dont think you can memorize what I teach you in class, so youto take notes.,need, demand, require, request,are required,requested,demanded,need,70/85,The folk song concert was so wellthat all the tickets had been sold out on the first day. His teaching method isas a creative and effective one.I onlyreasonable advice.,receive, accept, recognize,received,recognized,accept,42. be well received意为“很受欢迎”。,43. recognizeas公认是,71/85,In late autumn leaves_yellow.The poor boy_blind at the age of three. Ten years have passed. The village is_into a town.As it was_darker, I was getting more anxious.Happy birthday, Alice! So you have_twenty-one already!,turn, grow,get, go,turn,went,growing,getting,turned,46.当表示永久性的或难以扭转的变化时, 常用系动词go。,72/85,The college is planning to offer more English courses t