政论翻译(课堂)方晓延ppt课件.ppt

政论翻译,方晓延,主要内容,文体特征翻译要旨翻译技巧翻译的一般要求英汉互译语序比较译文评析,1. 日益昌盛 become increasingly prosperous2. 快速发展 develop rapidly3. 隆重集会 gather ceremoniously4. 热爱和平 love peace5. 追求进步 pursue progress,6. 履行权利和义务 perform the rights and obligations7. 回顾奋斗历程 review the course of struggle8. 展望伟大征程 look into the great journey9. 充满信心和力量 be filled with confidence and strength10. 必胜 be bound to win,Check Your Expressions:,1. 给带来机遇和挑战 present (bring) both opportunities and challengesto2.缩小间的距离 narrow the gap between3. 给予财政资助 support financially4. 有巨大潜力 have huge potential 5. 开发 / 青睐中国市场 tap / favor the Chinese market,6. 阻碍的经济发展 handicap (hamper) the economic development7. 增加农业投入 invest more in agriculture8. 有望达到（上升到） be expected to reach (rise to, be up to)9. 造成很大压力 pose a big pressure on10. 占领市场10% occupy (take, account for ) 10 percent of the market,1. 消除愚昧 eliminate ignorance2. 扫除文盲 eliminate （wipe out ） illiteracy3. 营造良好的文化环境 create a healthy cultural environment4. 促进文化市场健康发展 facilitate the sound development of the markets forcultural products5. 开展对外文化交流 conduct cultural exchange with other countries,6. 博采各国文化之长 draw on(吸收，利用) strong point of the cultures of othercountries7. 开展群众性文化活动 carry out mass activities on culture8. 保护文化遗产 protect cultural heritage9. 继承历史文化优秀传统 carry on the fine cultural traditions handed fromhistory/carry on the fine historical and cultural traditions10. 繁荣文学艺术 enable literature and art to flourish,1.科学发展观 The scientific outlook on development2.倡导公正、合理的新秩序观 call for the establishment of a new just and equitable order 3.以平等互利为核心的新发展观 new thinking on development based on equality and mutual benefit,4.新能源观 new thinking on energy development5.推动树立以互信、互利、平等和协作为主要内容的新安全观foster a new thinking on security featuring mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality and coordination6.主张形成以尊重多样性为特点的新文明观 foster a new thinking on civilization that respects diversity,一、文体特征,政论语篇一般包括政论文、社科论著、评论及政治性演说等。政论语篇的文体特点在于：概念抽象，逻辑严密，说理性强；语言精确，用词一般规范、严谨、庄重；句法工整，多用长句；叙述客观，少有感情色彩，但有时含有很浓的政治色彩。,二、翻译要旨,1.政论语篇功能： 强调政策的观点，具有庄严性和规定性2.预期译文功能 是在译语语境中让译文读者了解原文论述的政策和观点，保证原文政治含义的准确性。3.政论语篇翻译主要目的： 达意4.政论文翻译的特点：语言的简洁、准确、顺畅。,5.政论文文体与新闻文体的相同点： 都要注意行文的简洁，常要删除一些可有可无的词汇，英语本身很讲究用词简练。6.政论文与法律文件的相似之处： 都讲究语义、语气的准确性（褒贬以及中性词汇的推敲斟酌）。,P.S.：英汉两种语言的对比汉语语音效率较高，往往一个音节一个语义，信息浓度有时过高，为避免给听者造成过大的心理负荷，说话者需在词组、句法层面给予一定补偿，于是会出现一些没有实质性语义、可有可无的词语而英语有大量的多音节词汇，语音层面的信息传递效率不高，所以在词汇、句法层面要特别注意提高效率，即用词要简练。汉语是动态语言（句子中有大量动词）；而英语是静态语言（动词用的少，而名词、介词等用的多）。因此翻译时要注意汉语动词和英语名词、介词、副词之间的转换。,三、翻译技巧,1. 范畴词的省略2.一词双义的简练3. 英语语素的简练4. 词义准确5. 褒、贬义的准确6. 词类转换,1. 范畴词的省略（category words: 现象、水平、问题、状态、情况、工作等） 科学家与环保人士担心全球变暖的问题。 Scientists and environmentalists are concerned about ( the problem of ) global warming. 必须清除行政管理中的官僚现象。 We must clear away ( the phenomena of ) bureaucracy in the administrative management., 我国有十二亿多人口，陆地自然资源人均占有量低于世界平均水平。 China has a population of more than 1.2 billion, and its land natural resources per capita are less than the worlds average (level). 这件事情对我们的伙伴关系会带来负面影响。 It will have negative impact on our ( relations of ) partnership., 在国际风云变幻的形势下，我国外交工作进一步开创了新局面，国际地位和影响继续提高。 Amid the changes in international relations, Chinas diplomatic work has entered a new stage, and its international status and influence continue to grow.外交工作可译成：diplomacy,2.一词双义的简练 我们要推动农产品生产、加工和销售的有机结合。We should integrate the producing, processing and marketing of agricultural products. 建设一支高素质的专业化国家行政管理干部队伍。We should build up a contingent of administrators who are highly competent and professionally specialized., 本办法所称的土地使用费，是指使用土地资源性质的费用，不包括征地安置费用和基础设施建设费用。原译: For the purpose of these procedures, “land use fees” means an amount of money paid in consideration of the use of land resources and does not include expenditures for requisition of land, demolition of buildings, resettlement of families and infrastructure construction.,改译: The land use fees mentioned in these Procedures refer to the fees for the use of land resource only and do not include expenditures with regard to requisition, demolition, resettlement and infrastructure construction.,3. 英语语素的简练 贫富差距不断扩大。The gap between the rich and the poor countries is widening., 广大共产党员发挥了先锋模范作用。Party members played a vanguard(先锋，前卫) and exemplary role. 广大职工要转变就业观念。Workers should change their ideas about employment., 要努力防止和坚决抵制腐朽文化和各种错误思想观点对人们的侵蚀。We should try to prevent and resolutely resist the corrosion to people by decadent cultures and various（kinds of） erroneous ideas. 外国人申请各项签证，应当提前提供有效护照，必要时提供有关证明。When applying for various visas, aliens shall present valid passports and, if necessary, provide pertinent (relevant) evidence.,4. 词义准确(词汇意义主要体现在内涵外延、褒贬意义、语体色彩等特点方面) 不解决一系列原则问题，双方贸易无法进一步得到发展。In the absence of the settlement of a series of issues of principle, the business between the two parties can hardly be pushed forward., 这笔索赔已经拖了好几年了，所涉及的问题很复杂，我真不知道该怎么处理。This claim has been kept outstanding for many years. The problems involved are so complicated that I really dont know how to tackle them., 用户在技术交流时，向贵方专家提出了许多问题。Our end users ask your specialists a lot of questions at the technical seminar. 搞这个合资公司是个好主意，但问题是能否保证它可以得到足够的订单。It is a good idea to organize this joint-venture company, but the point is whether enough orders can be secured（保护，弄到，招致） for it., 用户对贵方的包装意见很大。End users have a lot of complaints about your packing. 双方价格差距很大，先谈到这里吧！你的意见如何？Since the price gap is very wide between the two parties, shall we suspend the discussion? Whats your idea?, 贵方总裁和我们总经理就拟议中的合资项目坦率地交换了意见。Your President had a frank exchange of views with our Managing Director on the proposed joint venture project.,5. 褒、贬义的准确 农村富余劳动力向非农业和城镇转移，是工业化和现代化的必然趋势。Surplus（redundant, idle） rural labor moving to non-agricultural industries and to cities and towns is an inevitable trend in industrialization and modernization., 坚决制止新的毁林开荒。It shall be strictly prohibited that more forests and pastures be turned into farmland. 打得赢就打，打不赢就走。原译：Fight when we can win and move away -离开 (run away-逃跑/走 ) when we cannot.,6. 词类转换 This issue defies(使落空) easy solution.此问题很难解决。（N-V) Such criticisms have become familiar in his later commentaries on America.类似的批评在他后来写的评论美国的文章中屡见不鲜。( Adj V) Hear me through.让我把话讲完。（Adv-V), that we here highly resolve（决定，决心坚决）, that this nation under God, shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.所以我们应在这里表示最大的决心;这个国家在上帝保佑下，一定要获得自由的新生；而这个政府也一定要民有、民治、民享，才不会从地球上消失。（Prep-V),1. 中华民族尽管灾难深重，饱受凌辱，但是始终自强不息。Despite compounded disasters and humiliation, the Chinese nation never gave up and managed to emerge（摆脱，暴露） from each setback to become stronger than before.,Exercises:,2. 封建王朝的愚昧和腐败及闭关锁国，导致社会停滞，国力衰竭，列强频频入侵。The ignorance, corruption and self-imposed （自愿接受的，自我强加的）seclusion（隔离，闭塞） of the feudal dynasties led China to prolonged（拖延，延长）social stagnation（停滞）, declining national strength and repeated invasions by the foreign powers.,3.当然中国政府和人民有足够的信心，励精图治，艰苦奋斗，排除万难，实现我们的雄心壮志。Of course, the Chinese government and people are confident enough to overcome all difficulties and achieve our ambitious goals through our vigorous efforts.,四、政论语篇翻译一般要求,首先，要弄清写作背景和写作意图；其次，通读全文，把握文章的中心论点及作者的观点、立场；再次，要分析文章的总体结构，理清作者逻辑推理的层次；最后，慎重选词择句，切勿歪曲事实。,准确理解原文是翻译的基础和前提 从事政治翻译，对有政治含义的词句，特别是涉及到大政方针、领土、主权的问题，要多从政治方面进行深入解读并掌握好分寸。例如： （1）台湾前途系于祖国统一The future of Taiwan lies in the reunification of the motherland. 原译：lies in its reunification with the mainland.,Comments：这里主要指台湾与大陆的统一，因为香港和澳门已经回归，主要是解决台湾问题。乍看起来这个译文也是可以的，英文也比较标准。但从深层考虑，祖国统一应包括大陆、港、澳、台等，不仅仅指台湾与大陆，因此从政治角度看不妥。,(2) “尊重台湾人民当家作主的愿望”respecttheir wisha. to be master in their own house b. to be the master of their own affairs c. to be masters of their own country d. to be among the masters of our country,怎样理解“当家作主”？译文a和b台湾同祖国关系这一概念不清，采用译文c又可能会产生歧义，被台独分子利用。现译文加了among，又将 their own country改为our country，就是说，台湾人民和大陆、港、澳等人民一样，都是中国的主人。这就准确反映了原意。,（3）“全面建设小康社会” a. to build a relatively comfortable society across the country b. to build a well-off society in an all-round way,全面建设小康社会”是指惠及十几亿人口的较高水平的小康社会，使经济更发展、民主更健全、科教更进步、文化更繁荣、社会更和谐、人民生活更殷实，即经济、政治、文化全面发展的小康。“全面”译文随即改为in an all-round way。well-off 意思是 live in a satisfactory condition, with sufficient possessions for a comfortable living, 比较贴近中文原意。,如何避免和减少中式英文 -以十六大报告翻译例句为例,（一）吃透原文的精神，摆脱中文句型的束缚，重原文内涵，按照英语规律和习惯，利用加字、减字、转换词类等技巧，甚至调整全句结构，使译文通顺流畅。 例如：,（1）“不辱使命、不负重托”live up to（做到，实践，遵守）the mission assigned to them and the full trust placed on them 译文增加了 assigned to them 和 placed on them, 如不加字，则句子不完整，不好懂，“使命”和“重托”的意味就出不来。,(2)“收入分配关系尚未理顺” a. Things have yet to be straightened out in the matter of income distribution. b. Income distribution has yet to be rationalized. “关系”一词没有实质意义，因此译文b就将它减去，使句子干净利落。,（二）在学习和生活中，有意识地记录一些疑难译例。注意英语国家的人们的表达方式及对词的运用。不论是国内外的读物、广播电视、还是谈话，都可以取其精华，为我所用。（3）“坚持党要管党、从严治党的方针”adhere to the principle that the Party exercises self-discipline(自律，自我约束) and is strict with its members 。,“管”字含义很广，包含教育、管理、监督、鼓励等。但英文里哪个动词能高度概括这几层意思？初译时曾用supervise，但这个字只有监督的意思，不够积极主动。我们可以想一想英语国家在类似情况会使用什么词，譬如：(学校)管学生。译为：to discipline students, 我们就可以借用。原文含有党必须自律的意思。 因此, 译成exercise self discipline.,对比：（4）“树立全民环保意识” a. help the whole nation see the importance of environmental protection b. make everybody environmentally aware,（5）“完善公开办事制度” a. improve the system of keeping the public informed of matters being handled b. improve the system of public office transparency （透明度，透明性）（6）“政务公开” a. making government affairs known to the public b. government transparency,五、英汉互译语序比较,汉语为语义型语言；英语为形态型语言。时间顺序逻辑顺序信息重心,1.时间顺序,After the meeting, leaders from the two sides vowed（发誓，郑重宣告） to boost co-operation and signed three agreements.会后，双方领导人承诺要进一步加强合作，并签署了三份协议。,英语中有时采用 “倒叙”手法，通过使用各种表示时间的连词、关系代词或介词将动作或事件的先后次序打乱，翻译时最好按照各自的时间顺序重新组织译文语序。,2.逻辑顺序,从原因到结果、假设到推论、事实到结论、条件到结果。Farm life is changing considerably as farmers adjust to new trends.农民不断适应新的潮流，农村生活正在发生巨大变化。不解决农民的看病问题，就很难最终实现中国社会的全面小康目标。It is hardly possible to realize a relatively rich Chinese society in overall scale without a solution to farmers medicare problem.,The wrong way is to impose layer after layer of regulations and restrictions.我们认为，加强层层规定和限制的做法是错误的。在对某事发表评论时，英语通常是表态、评论部分在先，事实描写在后；而汉语则正好相反，通常先进行情况说明，然后再表态或评论。,3. 信息重点,Free markets do what governments mean to do but cant.政府想做却无法做到的事情，自由的市场可以做到。,Exercises:,根据建设社会主义市场经济体制的要求，我们对财税、金融、外汇、外 贸、投资、价格和流通体制进行了重大改革。In according with the requirement for establishing a socialist market economy system, we carried out important reforms in fiscal taxation, finance, foreign currency, foreign trade, investment, pricing and the circulation system.,中美伙伴合作应该基于共迎挑战。中美两国应该就国际事务加强沟通和协调，合作应对各种全球性挑战，为世界和平与发展作出更大贡献。Our cooperation as partners should be based on joint efforts to meet challenges. China and the United States should step up communication and coordination in international affairs, work together to counter the global challenges, and make a greater contribution to world peace and development.,中美伙伴合作应该基于人民广泛参与。中美两国人民相互怀有深厚的友好感情，曾经在决定人类前途命运的重大历史关头并肩战斗。两国人民应该扩大交往、加强友谊，为中美关系发展提供不竭动力。Our cooperation as partners should be based on the extensive involvement of the people. The Chinese and American people cherish deep friendship towards each other, and they fought side by side at defining moments in history when the future and the destiny of mankind were at stake. The two peoples should extend exchanges and enhance friendship. This will offer an inexhaustible driving force for the growth of our relations.,译文评析,P255-264,THANK YOU!,