选修8Unit1语法名词性从句ppt课件.ppt

, Noun Clauses,Complex Sentences,Types of Sentences,Simple sentence (简单句)Compound sentence （并列句用and, or, but, so ）Complex sentence （复合句,主句+what, which, when等引导词连接的从句）,1. The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home. 2. California is the largest state in the USA but has the largest population. 3. This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the history of California.,（simple sentence）,（complex sentence ）,（compound sentence ）,主句,从句,Complex Sentences,Attributive Clause （定语从句）Noun Clause (名词性从句)Adverbial Clause （状语从句）,1. In 1911 immigrants from Denmark established a town of their own, which today still keeps up their Danish culture. 2. Although Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush Period, it was the building of the rail network that brought . 3. Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows.,（Attributive clause ）,（Noun clause ）,（Adverbial clause ）,Although,when,what,名词性从句,在主句中起名词功能的从句叫名词性从句 (Noun Clauses）。 名词性从句在主句中能担任主语、动词宾语、介词宾语、有些形容词后宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据上述不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句(Subject Clause)、宾语从句(Object Clause)、表语从句(Predicative Clause) 和同位语从句(Appositive Clause),No one really knows exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California. However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.The news that we won the game is exciting.,动词的宾语从句,主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,介词的宾语从句,8,概念理解,观察一：判断划线部分充当？句子成分。1. That the moon goes around the earth is known to all.2.Whether he will come hasnt been decided. 3.What he wanted to know is the result of the test.4. Who will go is not important.5.How you can finish it makes us puzzled.6. It is known to us how he became a writer,9,判断方法： 先找谓语，看位置,10,观察一：判断划线部分充当？句子成分。1. That the moon goes around the earth is known to all.2.Whether he will come hasnt been decided. 3.What he wanted to know is the result of the test.4. Who will go is not important.5.How you can finish it makes us puzzled.6. It is known to us how he became a writer,主语+ 谓语动词+ 其他,主语从句_(重要的是) is to learn from failure._(你已经做到了) is beyond doubt._(你是否自信) determines your future success to some degree.,What matters,That you have made it,Whether you are confident,1.主语从句的引导词不得省略。 that-主语从句常用it作形式主语,而将that-从句置于句末,常见以下搭配：It + be +形容词+ that-从句It is necessary that有必要It is important that重要的是It is obvious that很明显It is necessary that_(你有必要调整你的日常生活).,Attention,you (should) adjust your,routine life,b. It + be + done (said, known, believed, thought, reported, announced, acknowledged, suggested, demanded) + that-从句 据报道三人死于此次坠机事故。It is reported that three people have been killed in the air crash.=Three people are reported to have been killed in the air crash.建议新生们考虑参加一两个社团。It is recommended that freshmen consider joining a club or two.,c. It + be +名词+ that-从句It is a pity/ shame that 很遗憾.It is a surprise that令人惊奇的是It is a fact that事实是d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句It happens that碰巧It occurs to me that 我突然想起我突然想起：我把钥匙落在家里了。It occurred to me that I had left my keys at home.,2.表示“是否”意义时，一般用whether 而不用 if引导主语从句， Whether she will come to life or not is still unknown.但如果有形式主语 it时，既可用 whether，也可用 if。It is still unknown if/ whether she will come to life.3.主语从句作主语时谓语动词常用单数,16,观察二：判断划线部分充当？句子成分7The fact is that we have lost the game. 8Thats just what I want. 9This is where our problem lies. 10That is why he didnt come to the meeting.,判断方法：看位置，先找谓语。,17,观察二：判断划线部分充当？句子成分7The fact is that we have lost the game. 8Thats just what I want. 9This is where our problem lies. 10That is why he didnt come to the meeting.,系动词:be , stay, remain, keep（状态）look, seem, appear, sound, smell, taste, feel（感知）get, become, turn, grow, go, fall （变化）,主语+ + 表语,系动词,特别提醒1. 表语从句中的时态不受主句的限制.2. 表语从句是不用 if 引导的,要用whether.3.主语为advice, suggestion, requirement等词时，表语从句用should+V.原形表虚拟语气4. 常见的表语从句的句型The reason (why) is that That/ This is why This/ That/ It is because It seems/ looks/ appears as ifIt seems/ appears that似乎,19,观察三：判断划线部分充当？句子成分11. All of us know that we must study hard.12. Our success depends on whether we work hard. 13. I want to know what he has told you .14. I wonder if / whether she would accept my invitation.15.You may depend on it that all the goods will be shipped abroad in time.,判断方法： 跟在什么词的后面？,20,观察三：判断划线部分充当？句子成分11. All of us know that we must study hard.12. Our success depends on whether we work hard. 13. I want to know what he has told you .14. I wonder if / whether she would accept my invitation.15.You may depend on it that all the goods will be shipped abroad in time.,判断方法： 跟在什么词的后面？,+宾,及物动词 /介词,1.由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不充当任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但有多个that从句时,只有第一个从句前的that可省。2.主句主语为第一人称且谓语动词是think, believe, imagine, suppose, guess等动词构成否定句时，从句的否定词要前移至主句，即构成否定前置。 We dont think H7N9 flu spreads among humans, does it.,3.下列宾语从句 必须用whether 引导,不可用if:a.从句后有ornot时，不可用if : I dont know whether all is in place or not . b.介词宾语通常用 whether 引导: It depends on whether he is coming or not . c. 后接动词不定式时。 Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 4.insist, order, suggest等词后的宾语从句考虑虚拟语气,1. I dont doubt _ hell come.A. thatB. ifC. whatD. whether2. Does anybody know _ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not. if B. where C. whether D. that3.If depends on _ we will be ready in time. A. whether B. that C. if D. when,24, 主语从句在复合句中充当_语； 表语从句在复合句中充当_语， 一般在_ 后； 宾语从句在复合句中充当_语， 且 一 般在 _ 或_ 后。,宾,主,表,系动词,及物动词,介词, 有时为了保持句子平衡, 可用 it 作形式主(6)语或形式宾语(15),而把主语从句或宾语从句放到后面.如，,归纳一：位置，概念。,6. It is known to us how he became a writer15. You may depend on it that all the goods will be shipped abroad in time.,25,25,观察四: 划出从句，判断从句类型。1. The fact is that we have lost the game. 2He asked me if / whether the movie star would come up at the meeting.3. Who will win the match is still unknown. 4. What he did made me extremely angry5. When we will go to America hasnt been decided.,表从,主从,主从,主从,宾从,is,asked,is,made,hasnt been decided.,26,26,归纳二：名从引导词分类及作用:,that, whether/if（是否） as if /as though（只在表从）,what(ever) who(ever) whom(ever) which(ever) whose,when(ever), where(ver), why, how，because(表从中),27,解题技巧突破,28,28,用适当的引导词填空,1.My idea is _we should do our homework first.2.The owner of the shop came to see _ was the matter.3. I wonder _he is fit for the job.4. Thank you for _ youve said.5 I am surprised he has left without saying goodbye to us.6. I dont know he is doing there.7. He asked pen it was.8_ Einstein is a scientist is known to us all.,that,what,whether/if,what,that,what,whose,That,is,see,wonder,for,am surprised,know,asked,is,29,缺主/宾/表/ 定,补代词 what(ever) who(ever) whom(ever) which(ever) whose,只缺“是否”意 思,补whether，if,什么都不 缺,that,缺状 语,补副词when(ever), where(ver), why, how,归纳三：解题方法：,2 、分析从句句子成分,缺什么，补什么,1、找主句谓语，确定是什么从句,3、确定词性后，再根据句子意思选择引导词。,30,熟记几个特殊用法,1._ they would take the risk is clear.2.The reason is _ he is careless .3.I dont think _ she is coming.4. We all knew _ he got the first prize and _ he was very excited.5. I like the book _ you give me.,31,【难点1】 That在名从中 “无名无分”，在主从，表从中不能省略，在引导单个的宾语从句时可省，但在并列宾语从句中，第2个宾语从句中的that不可省；,That,that,(that),(that),that,(that/which),主从,表从,宾从,宾从,定从,That在定从中作代词，“充当成分”，在定语从句 中做宾语时可省。,32,32,6. they can finish the work on time is still a problem.7.The question is _ the film is worth seeing.8.It depends on _ we will have enough money. 9. I dont care _ you like the plan or not.10. I cant decide _ to stay.(=I cant decide whether I should stay or not)11. He came to see _ there was wrong with his cat.,【难点2】whether, if（是否） 的区别。顺口溜: 主 表 介后 或者 不定式 用whether。,Whether,whether,whether,whether,whether,whether/if,主从,表从,介词后的宾从,及物动词后的宾从,or not.,to stay,33,12. I cant imagine _made him act like that.13. This is _ we want to say.14. _ he wants is a book.15. I read about it in this book or that book, I cant remember _ it was. 16.Would you mind telling me _ language your friend speaks, English or French?,【难点3】 which , what 在名词性从句的区别： what 在名词性从句中常翻译为什么或的； which在名词性从句中常翻译为哪个（一般有选择范围）,What,what,what,in this book or that book,which,which,English or French,34,34,用适当的词填空：17. His pale face suggested he (be)ill and he suggested that he ( send) to the hospital right away.,【难点4】名词性从句的虚拟语气：一坚持insist；两命令order, command;三建议suggest, propose, advise；四要求request, require, demand,desire 这些词后面的名词性从句，从句谓语用(should) +动词原形,was,(should ) be sent,35,巩固练习,36,36,一填空题1. The result is _ we won the game.2. Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew _ she was so angry.3. Thank you for _ youve said, I hope I will never be too busy to help others.4. and all the other students wondered _ the boy would do.5 they can pass the exam is still a problem.,that,why,what,what,Whether,37,综合运用,38,38,三完成句子（写作.口语）,1上周，我们就“高中生是否应参加暑期补习班（summer tutoring class ）”对我校3000名学生进行了一次调查 Last week we did a survey among 3000 students in our school on 2作为一个学生，我们应该做的是努力学习As a student, is to study hard.,what we should do,whether high school students should attend a summer tutoring class .,3.无论是谁救了这女孩都应受到表扬. should be praised4.这篇文章告诉我们压力对我们有好处。 The passage tells us 5为什么你认为情节(plot)难以相信？,39,39,that stress does good to us.,Why do you think the plot is unbelievable?,Whoever saved the girl,( oral practise) 亲爱的XX,谢谢你为我所做得一切。我想说的是：我爱你，你不知道我有多么的在乎你。 每天我都想知道你在哪，你正在干什么,还有你是否开心。你知道我为什么那么想你吗？那是因为你是我最爱的XX.,40,40,Thank you for what you have done for me ! What I want to say is that I love you .You dont know how much I care about you .Every day I want to know where you are ,what you are doing and whether you are happy. Do you know why I miss you so much ? This is because youre my dearest friend.,41,41,交际运用(pairwork),SA： 亲爱的friend,谢谢你（您）为我所做得一切。 SB： Oh! I am willing to do what I can do for you. 我想告诉你我爱你，你不知道我 有多 么的在乎你. SA ： Me,too! 每天我都想知道你在哪，你正 在干什么, 还有（and）你是否开心。 SB: Oh! thanks!你知道为什么我那么想你吗？ SA: Yes.那是因为我是你最爱的friend.,42,1.名从的位置与判断（理解）；2.名从引导词的分类与解题技巧（重点）； （ 特殊用法that，whether/if, what/which）；3 .名从的语序4 .名从的运用（写作，口语）,本节内容回顾,