语法填空非谓语动词 语法填空ppt课件.ppt
,非谓语动词是语法填空的必考考点，每年高考至少有1道题。不仅如此，掌握非谓语动词的基本用法，对增强书面表达的文采和提高阅读理解能力都有明显的作用。首先，我们回顾一下非谓语动词的语法功能(在句中充当何种成分)：,考点解密,现在，我们简要回顾其主要考点：,考点1：作主语表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的行为用-ing形式；表示具体的、一次性的或将来的动作用不定式。考点2：作表语(1) 动名词和不定式作表语说明主语的具体内容。(2)分词作表语则说明主语的性质，像puzzling, surprising, exciting等-ing分词表示“令人的(事物)”；像puzzled, surprised, excited等-ed分词表示“(人)感到的”。,考点3：作宾语(1)有些动词只能用不定式作宾语。如refuse, expect, promise, decide, offer, pretend等。(类似动词和短语动词还有哪些？请补上)(2)有些动词只能用动名词作宾语。如：keep, allow, finish, enjoy, mind, practice, avoid, admit, advise, consider, imagine, appreciate, escape, suggest等。(类似动词和短语动词还有哪些？请补上)(3) 在表示“需要”的need, want和require等后用-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，也可用不定式的被动式。,(4)在forget, remember, regret, mean, try等动词后既可接动名词，也可接不定式，但意义差别较大。(5)在介词之后用动名词作宾语。注意to是介词的短语，如be /get used to, be accustomed to(习惯于), contribute to , devote oneself to /be devoted to, get down to, look forward to等。(6)含介词的固定句式：prevent /stop /keep sb. /sth. from doing 阻止做,spend /waste time or money in doing 在做方面花费/浪费时间或金钱have some difficulty/trouble in doing 在做方面有些困难have a hard time in doing sth.做某事很艰难there is no sense in doing做是没有理由/道理的(7)介词后一般只能接动名词，但在表示“除外”的介词but和except后，有时可接不定式；当前面有行为动词do时，不定式不带to；前面没有行为动词do时，要带to。,考点4：作宾补当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是主动关系时，用不定式(未来或全过程)或-ing形式(正在进行或一直处于某种状态)；当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是被动关系时，用-ed形式。另外，请注意复习以下6点：(1)在ask, invite, encourage, advise, forbid, remind等动词后，用带to的不定式作宾补。(2)在help后作宾补的不定式带不带to均可。,(3)在make, let, have等使役动词和feel, smell, hear, see, watch等感官动词后，一般用不带to的不定式作宾补，但在其被动式后作主语补足语时，要加上to。(4)在with的宾语后，若用-ed形式，表示宾语与-ed形式在逻辑上是被动关系，且意味着该动作已经完成；若用-ing形式，表示宾语与-ing形式在逻辑上是主动关系，且表示动作持续进行。,(5)get sb. to do sth. =have sb. do sth.使某人做某事(主动、将来); get/havedoing使处于某一状态中(主动、持续); getdone=have sth. done请人做/遭受(被动)。(6) make oneself 后常用understood, heard, seen, known等作宾补，表示让别人明白自己的意思/让自己讲的话被别人听到/让自己被别人看到/让自己被别人认识。,考点5：作状语(1)在表示时间、让步、方式或伴随情况时，非谓语动词若与句子主语在逻辑上是主动关系，用-ing形式，若与句子主语在逻辑上是被动关系，用-ed形式。(2)不定式作状语只能放在句末，且不用逗号，多用于表示情绪或情感反应的动词、形容词(如glad, sorry, surprised, frightened, delighted)之后，表示原因。(3)不定式表结果，其动作发生在谓语动词之后，往往表示未曾预料到的或令人不快的，前面常加only；也还用于tooto, enough to, so/suchas to等固定结构中。-ing形式表示的结果，是伴随谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果（同时发生），谓语动词与现在分词的动作是因果关系。,(4)在作表语的形容词后或者作宾补的形容词后作状语，一般只用不定式。(5)表示目的时只能用不定式，此时的不定式可以放在句首。(6) 在“连词(如when, while, if, though等)+分词”结构中，当分词与主句主语是主动关系时用-ing形式，是被动关系时用-ed形式。,考点6：作定语(1)动词不定式作定语：常放在所修饰的名词之后，表示一个将来的动作，多用来修饰have、there be、with之后的名词，表示“有要”；或修饰“the+序数词”。(2)分词作定语：被修饰的名词与分词是主动关系，用-ing形式，是被动关系时用-ed形式。,考点7：特殊句式Why not do sth.? =Why dont you do sth.?何不做某事呢？had better (not) do sth.最好(不)做某事would rather (not) do sth.宁愿(不)做某事would do A rather than do B = would rather do A than do B = prefer to do A rather than do B = prefer doing A to doing B 宁做A事不做B事,考点8：独立结构(1) -ing形式的独立成分：judging by /from(根据判断), generally speaking(一般说来)，strictly speaking(严格说来), frankly speaking(坦率地说)等。(2)不定式的独立结构：to tell you the truth(和你说实话吧), to make things worse(情况更糟的是)等。(3)用作介词或连词的considering(考虑到，就而言)和given(考虑到)后接名词或that从句。,解答语法填空时，首先分析句子结构，若句子已有谓语动词且不是并谓语时，所给动词必定用非谓语动词；然后分析该非谓语动词在句中作什么句子成分，初定作该成分的应是哪一种或几种非谓语动词形式；最后再根据非谓语动词各自的特点和用法，同时看谓语动词有没有特别的要求，再结合与逻辑主语的关系，确定该填哪种形式。,解题技巧,另外，在确定用-ing形式还是用-ed形式，用to do还是用to be done时，都是由该非谓语动词与逻辑主语是主动关系还是被动关系来确定的。那么，如何找出非谓语动词的逻辑主语？这与非谓语动词在句中作何种成分有关，详见下表：,例1the proverb, “plucking up a crop 32 (help) it grow”, is based on the following story.,实例剖析,思路分析：因句中已有谓语is based，而“plucking up a crop 32 (help) it grow”是the proverb的同位语，是一个名词短语而非同位语从句，因此，help应是谓语动词；“帮助禾苗长”是“将禾苗拨起来”的目的，作目的状语，用动词不定式，故填to help。,例2While she was getting me _34_ (settle) into a tiny but clean room,思路分析：因句中已有谓语was getting，所以settle应是非谓语动词；又由settle sb. into/in/on(使某人舒服地处于某处)可知，me与settle是被动关系，要用过去分词用宾补，故填settled。,非谓语动词,一、考点分析非谓语动词在语法填空中，每年必考，且每年一个小题，但四年来，只涉及到非谓语动词的两种用法。,1.作状语。He spit it out, 37 (say) it was awful. 解析因句中已有谓语spit，此处又没有连词，say不是并列谓语，而是非谓语动词；又因he与say是主动关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。,saying,2.作宾补。 Finally, I accepted the offer of an old peasant woman who lived alone in a little house. While she was getting me 34 (settle) into a tiny but clean room,解析由settle sb. into/in/on(使某人舒服地处于某处)可知，me与settle是被动关系，要用过去分词用宾补。又如：A nurse settled the old man into a chair.护士让那位老人舒舒服服地坐在椅子上。,settled,温馨提示:虽然只考查了非谓语动词作状语和作宾语补足语，但复习时，非谓语动词作定语、作主语和作宾语也不可忽视。,二、真题演练用所给词的适当形式填空。1. She wished that he was as easy 32 (please) as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume.,1. to please 句中已有谓语was easy，please应为非谓语动词；因在形容词后作状语，只能用动词不定式，故填to please。,to please,2. For example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop32 (help) it grow”, is based on the following story.,2. to help 作目的状语，用动词不定式。,to help,3. There were many talented actors out there just waiting _ (discover).,3. to be discovered。动词wait后习惯上接不定式；另外，actors与discover之间为被动关系，即“等着被发现”，故选不定式的被动式。,to be discovered,4. We were astonished _(find) the temple still in its original condition.,4. to find。be astonished后要接不定式表示原因。,to find,5. With Fathers Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank _ (buy) presents for my dad.,5. to buy。“给父亲买礼物”是“从银行拿钱出来”的目的，作目的状语，用动词不定式。,to buy,6. His first book _ (publish) next month is based on a true story.,6. to be published。根据句中的next month可知是将出版，故要用不定式；又因为book与publish之间为被动关系，故要用不定式的被动式。,to be published,7. I have a lot of readings _ (complete) before the end of this term.,7. to complete。表示有事要做，用“have+宾语+不定式”结构，其中的不定式用作定语，修饰其前的名词。,to complete,8. Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one _ first is the library.,8. to be repaired。表示首先要修理的那座建筑物，即表示未来，用动词不定式；又the one与repair是被动关系，故用不定式的被动式。,to be repaired,9. _ (approach) the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.,9. Approaching。因we与approach是主动关系，所以用现在分词短语作状语。,Approaching,10. In many peoples opinion, that company, though relatively small, is pleasant _ (deal) with.,10. to deal。在形容词easy, hard, difficult, pleasant等后作状语，用动词不定式，且习惯上要用主动形式表示被动含义。,to deal,11. That is the only way we can imagine _ (reduce) the overuse of water in students bathrooms.,11. to reduce。不定式在此用作定语，修饰the only way。其实，the only way还有两个定语，一个是we can imagine，另一个是to reduce the overuse of water。,to reduce,12. I had great difficulty _ (find) the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.,12. finding。have difficulty (in) doing sth 为固定句式，其意为“做某事有困难”。,finding,13. Im calling to enquire about the position _ (advertise) in yesterdays China Daily.,13. advertised。由于position(职位) 与 advertise(登广告) 之间为被动关系，且广告昨天已经刊发了，故用过去分词作定语。,advertised,14. So far nobody has claimed the money _ (discover) in the library.,14. discovered。由于money与discover之间为被动关系，由句意可知，钱“已经”被发现，故用过去分词作定语。,discovered,15. Alexander tried to get his work _ (recognize) in the medical circles.,15. recognized。考查“get+宾语+过去分词”结构。其中的“宾语”与其后的“过去分词”之间为被动关系。,recognized,16. Mrs. White showed her students some old maps _ (borrow) from the library.,16. borrowed。因maps与borrow之间为被动关系；再根据句意，地图是“已经”借来了，所以用过去分词作定语。,borrowed,17. Though _ (surprise) to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.,17. surprised。因the professor与surprise是被动关系，故用“连词+过去分词”作状语。,surprised,18. _ (see) from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.,18. Seen。由于the south foot与see之间为被动关系，故要选过去分词作状语。,Seen,19. The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already _(lay) for a meal to be cooked.,19. laid。短语lay a table的意思是“摆桌子”，因句中的table与动词lay之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。,laid,20. The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if _(carry) out regularly, can improve our health.,20. carried。由于exercise(锻炼) 与carry out(进行，执行) 之间为被动关系，故用“连词+过去分词”作状语，if carried out regularly相当于if it is carried out regularly。,carried,21. A great number of students _ (question) said they were forced to practice the piano.,21. questioned。由于students与question(提问，询问) 之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。,questioned,22. Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues _(amuse) with her stories.,22. amused。意思是Lucy让他的同事“感到愉快”，表示人“感到愉快”，用-ed形式作宾补(相当于形容词作宾补的)，故填amused。,amused,23. He had a wonderful childhood, _(travel) with his mother to all corners of the world.,23. traveling。因he与travel是主动关系，故用现在分词短语traveling with his mother作状语，表示原因。,traveling,24. _(look) at my classmates faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.,24. Looking。因I与look是主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。,Looking,25. Listen! Do you hear someone _(call) for help?,25. calling。由listen可知，动作正在进行，表示“听见某人在做某事”，用hear sb doing sth句型。,calling,26. It rained heavily in the south, _ (cause) serious flooding in several provinces.,26. causing。 “引起严重水灾”是“下大雨”的自然结果，作结果状语，用现在分词作状语。causing与which caused相当。,causing,27. The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and _ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.,27. weighing。因young children与weigh是主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。句中介词短语under和现在分词短语weighing一起作定语，修饰young children。,weighing,28. Almost 33 ( freeze), the old man could not get off the ground.,28. frozen。因句子主语the old man与freeze(冻僵)是被动关系，故用过去分词作原因状语。,frozen,29. A pick-up truck passed us on the road and, a few minutes later, I saw it 33 (pull) back and the driver looking directly at us.,29. pulling。因it与pull在这是主动关系，用现在分词作宾补，即see sb./sth. doing sth.句型。,pulling,30. It was a presidential talk 33 (deliver) at a time of economic uncertainty for many American families.,30. delivered。过去分词作后置定语。,delivered,习题,一、单句填空：用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。1. _ (walk) is a good form of exercise for both young and old. (全国)2. Eugenes never willing to alter any of his opinions. Its no use _(argue) with him. (上海)3. Please remain _(seat); the winner of the prize will be announced soon. (辽宁)4. Can I smoke here? Sorry. We dont allow _(smoke) here. (江苏),Walking,arguing,seated,smoking,5. It is difficult to imagine his _(accept) the decision without any consideration. (陕西)6. I cant stand _(work) with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _(stop) talking while she works. (北京)7. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area need _ (repair). (陕西)8. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried _ (live) alone, but she didnt like it and moved back home. (湖南),accepting,to stop,working,to be repaired,living,9. Robert is indeed a wise man. Oh, yes. How often I have regretted _(not take) his advice! (安徽)10. If you think that treating a woman well means always _ (get) her permission for things, think again. (湖南)11. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _(open and close) could be heard outside the classroom. (全国)12. They are quiet, arent they? Yes. They are accustomed to _ (not talk) at meals. (江苏),not taking,getting,being opened and closed,not talking,13. Isnt it time you got down to _(mark) the papers? (重庆)14. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _ (set) up some schools for poor children. (上海)15. She looks forward every spring to _ (walk) in the flower-lined garden. (上海)16. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time _ (pass) the exam. (福建),marking,setting,walking,passing,17. According to a recent U.S. survey, children spend up to 25 hours a week _ (watch) TV. (上海)18. I believe thats the best way to prevent such a thing from _ (happen) again. (全国)19. Did you have trouble in_ (find) the post office? (全国)20. Sandy could do nothing but _ (admit) to his teacher that he was wrong. (上海),watching,happening,finding,admit,21. I smell something _ (burn) in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? (全国)22. Dont leave the water _ (run) while you brush your teeth. (天津)23. It was so cold that they kept the fire _ (burn) all night. (全国)24. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ (carry) out the next year. (全国),burning,running,burning,carried out,25. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English _ (speak) as much as we can. (江苏)26. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them _(interest) in his lectures. (江苏)27. Energy drinks are not allowed _(make) in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand. (上海) 28. My advisor encouraged me _(take) a summer course to improve my writing skills. (北京),spoken,interested,to be made,to take,29. My parents have always made me _(feel) good about myself, even when I was twelve. (江苏)30. They knew her very well. They had seen her _ (grow) up from childhood. (全国)31. The mother felt herself _ (grow) cold and her hands trembled as she read the letter from the battlefield. (上海)32. Paul doesnt have to be made _ (learn). He always works hard. (全国),feel,grow,grow,to learn,33. Come on, please give me some ideas about the project. Sorry. With so much work _ (fill) my mind, I almost break down. (福建)34. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _ (finish), he gladly accepted it. (安徽)35. With a lot of difficult problems _ (set), the newly-elected president is having a hard time. (上海)36. The director had her assistant _(pick) up some hot dogs for the meeting. (全国),filling,finished,to settle,pick,37. Did Peter fix the computer himself? He had it _(fix), because he doesnt know much about computers. (安徽)38. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English _ (improve) in a short period. (福建)39. Helen had to shout to make herself _ (hear) above the sound of the music. (广西)40. Peter received a letter just now _(say) his grandma would come to see him soon. (四川),fixed,improved,heard,saying,41. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not _ (move), and asked myself what I was going to do. (湖南)42. _(walk) in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring. (安徽)43. _ (wait) in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car. (福建)44. _ (blame) for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. (福建),moving,Walking,Having waited,Blamed,45. He hurried to the booking office only _ (tell) that all the tickets had been sold out. (陕西)46. European football is played in 80 countries, _ (make) it the most popular sport in the world. (全国)47. You were silly not _(lock) your car. (湖南)48. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _(breathe). (宁夏),to be told,making,to have locked,to breathe,49. _ (complete) the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day. (湖南)50. When _ (ask) why he went there, he said he was sent there to be trained for a space flight. (江西)51. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless _(water) every day. (四川)52. When _(compare) different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. (浙江),To complete,asked,watered,comparing,53. The last one _(arrive) pays the meal. Agree! (全国)54. The trees _(blow) in the storm have been moved off the road. (湖南)55. Can those _ (seat) at the back of the classroom hear me? (福建)56. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures _ (form) in your mind instead of before your eyes. (广西),to arrive,blown,seated,forming,57. Its a long time since I saw my sister. (全国)Why not _(visit) her this weekend?58. _ (search) the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting. (湖南)59. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _(finish) for the day. (重庆)60. _ (give) the general state of health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. (北京),visit,Search,finished,
